By Pratibha B. Anantharamu, Daniele Borio, and Gérard Lachapelle Spatial and temporal information of signals received from multiple antennas can be applied to mitigate the impact of new GPS and Galileo signals’ binary-offset sub-carrier, reducing multipath and interference effects. New modernized GNSS such as GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, and Compass broadcast signals with enhanced correlation properties as compared to the first generation GPS signals. These new signals are characterized by different modulations that provide improved time resolution, resulting in more precise range measurements, along with the advantage of being more resilient to multipath and RF interference. One of these modulations is the binary-offset-carrier (BOC) modulation transmitted by Galileo and modernized GPS. Despite the benefits of BOC modulation schemes, difficulties in tracking BOC signals can arise. The autocorrelation function (ACF) of BOC signals is multi-peaked, potentially leading to false peak-lock and ambiguous tracking. Intense research activities have produced different BOC tracking schemes that address the issue of multi-peaked BOC signal tracking. Additionally, new tracking schemes including space-time processing can be adopted to further improve the performance of existing algorithms. Space-time equalization is a technique that utilizes spatial and temporal information of signals received from multiple antennas to compensate for the effects of multipath fading and co-channel interference. In the context of BOC signals, these kinds of techniques can be applied to mitigate the impact of the sub-carrier, which is responsible for a multi-peaked ACF, reducing multipath and interference effects. In temporal processing, traditional equalizers in time-domain are useful to compensate for signal distortions. But equalization becomes more challenging in the case of BOC signals, where the effect of both sub-carrier and multipath must be accounted for. On the other hand, by using spatial processing, it should be possible to extract the desired signal component from a set of received signals by electronically varying the antenna array directivity (beamforming). The combination of an antenna array and a temporal equalizer results in better system performance. Hence the main objective of this research is to apply space-time processing techniques to BOC modulated signals received by an antenna array. The main intent is to enhance the signal quality, avoid ambiguous tracking and improve tracking performance under weak signal environments or in the presence of harsh multipath components. The focus of previous antenna-array processing using GNSS signals was on enhancing GNSS signal quality and mitigating interference and/or multipath related issues. Unambiguous tracking was not considered. Here, we develop a space-time algorithm to mitigate ambiguous tracking of BOC signals along with improved signal quality. The main objective is to obtain an equalization technique that can operate on BOC signals to provide unambiguous BPSK-like correlation function capable of altering the antenna array beam pattern to improve the signal to interference plus noise ratio. Space-time adaptive processing structure proposed for BOC signal tracking; the temporal filter provides signal with unambiguous ACF whereas the spatial filter provides enhanced performance with respect to multipath, interference, and noise. Initially, temporal equalization based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) technique is considered to obtain unambiguous ACF on individual antenna outputs. Spatial processing is then applied on the correlator outputs based on a modified minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) approach. As part of spatial processing, online calibration of the real antenna array is performed which also provides signal and noise information for the computation of the beamforming weights. Finally, the signal resulting from temporal and spatial equalization is fed to a common code and carrier tracking loop for further processing. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by simulating different antenna array structures for BOC signals. Intermediate-frequency (IF) simulations have been performed and linear/planar array structures along with different signal to interference plus noise ratios have been considered. A modified version of The University of Calgary software receiver, GSNRx, has been used to simultaneously process multi-antenna data. Further tests have been performed using real data collected from Galileo test satellites, GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B, using an array structure comprising of two to four antennas. A 4-channel front-end designed in the PLAN group, and a National Instruments (NI) signal vector analyzer equipped with three PXI-5661 front-ends (NI 2006) have been used to collect data synchronously from several antennas. The data collected from the antennas were progressively attenuated for the analysis of the proposed algorithm in weak signal environments. From the performed tests and analysis, it is observed that the proposed methodology provides unambiguous ACF. Spatial processing is able to efficiently estimate the calibration parameters and steer the antenna array beam towards the direction of arrival of the desired signal. Thus, the proposed methodology can be used for efficient space-time processing of new BOC modulated GNSS signals. Signal and Systems Model The complex baseband GNSS signal vector received at the input of an antenna array can be modeled as (1) where • M is the number of antenna elements; • L is the number of satellites; • C is a M × M calibration matrix capturing the effects of antenna gain/phase mismatch and mutual coupling; • si = is the complex M × 1 steering vector relative to the signal from the ith satellite. si captures the phase offsets between signals from different antennas; • is the noise plus interference vector observed by the M antennas. The ith useful signal component xi (t) can be modeled as (2) where • Ai is the received signal amplitude; • di() models the navigation data bit; • ci() is the ranging sequence used for spreading the transmitted data; • τ0,i, f0,i and φ0,imodel the code delay, Doppler frequency and carrier phase introduced by the communication channel. The index i is used to denote quantities relative to the ith satellite. The ranging code ci() is made up of several components including a primary spreading sequence, a secondary code and a sub-carrier. For a BPSK modulated signal, the sub-carrier is a rectangular window of duration Tc. In the case of BOC modulated signals, the sub-carrier is generated as the sign of a sinusoidal carrier. The presence of this sub-carrier produces a multi-peaked autocorrelation function making the acquisition/tracking processes ambiguous. In order to extract signal parameters such as code delay and Doppler frequency of the ith useful signal xi(t), the incoming signal is correlated with a locally generated replica of the incoming code and carrier. This process is referred to as correlation where the carrier of the incoming signal is at first wiped off using a local complex carrier replica. The spreading code is also wiped off using a ranging code generator. The signal obtained after carrier and code removal is integrated and dumped over T seconds to provide correlator outputs. The correlator output for the hth satellite and mth antenna can be modeled as: (3) where vm,k are the coefficients of the calibration matrix, C and R(Δτh) is the multi-peaked ACF. τh, fD,h and φh are the code delay, Doppler frequency and carrier phase estimated by the receiver and Δτh, ΔfD,h and Δφh are the residual delay, frequency, and phase errors. is the residual noise term obtained from the processing of η(t). Eq. (3) is the basic signal model that will be used for the development of a space-time technique suitable for unambiguous BOC tracking. When BOC signals are considered, algorithms should be developed to reduce the impact of that include receiver noise, interference and multipath components, along with the mitigation of ambiguities in R(Δτh). Space-time processing techniques have the potential to fulfill those requirements. Space-Time Processing A simplified representation of a typical space-time processing structure is provided in Figure 1. Each antenna element is followed by K taps with δ denoting the time delay between successive taps forming the temporal filter. The combination of several antennas forms the spatial filter. wmk are the space-time weights with 0 ≤ k ≤ K and 0 ≤ m ≤ M. k is the temporal index and m is the antenna index. Figure 1. Block diagram of space-time processing. The array output after applying the space-time filter can be expressed as (4) where (wmk)* denotes complex conjugate. The spatial-only filter can be realized by setting K=1 and a temporal only filter is obtained when M=1. The weights are updated depending on the signal/channel characteristics subject to user-defined constraints using different adaptive techniques. This kind of processing is often referred to as Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP). The success of STAP techniques has been well demonstrated in radar, airborne and mobile communication systems. This has led to the application of STAP techniques in the field of GNSS signal processing. Several STAP techniques have been developed for improving the performance of GNSS signal processing. These techniques exploit the advantages of STAP to minimize the effect of multipath and interference along with improving the overall signal quality. Space-time processing algorithms can be broadly classified into two categories: decoupled and joint space-time processing. The joint space-time approach exploits both spatial and temporal characteristics of the incoming signal in a single space-time filter while the decoupled approach involves several temporal equalizers and a spatial beamformer that are realized in two separate stages (Figure 2). Figure 2. Representation of two different space-time processing techniques When considering the decoupled approach for GNSS signals, temporal filters can be applied on the data from the different antennas whereas the spatial filter can be applied at two different stages, namely pre-correlation or post-correlation. In the pre-correlation stage, spatial weights are applied on the incoming signal after carrier wipe-off while in the post-correlation stage, spatial weights are applied after the Integrate & Dump (I&D) block on the correlator outputs. In pre-correlation processing, the update rate of the weight vector is in the order of MHz (same as the sampling frequency) whereas the post-correlation processing has the advantage of lower update rates in the order of kHz (I&D frequency). In the pre-correlation case, the interference and noise components prevail significantly in the spatial correlation matrix and would result in efficient interference mitigation and noise reduction. But the information on direct and reflected signals are unavailable since the GNSS signals are well below the noise level. This information can be extracted using post-correlation processing. In the context of new GNSS signals, efforts to utilize multi-antenna array to enhance signal quality along with interference and multipath mitigation have been documented using both joint and decoupled approaches where the problem of ambiguous signal tracking was not considered. In our research, we considered the decoupled space-time processing structure. Temporal processing is applied at each antenna output and spatial processing is applied at the post-correlation stage. Temporal processing based on MMSE equalization and spatial processing based on the adaptive MVDR beamformer are considered. Methodology The opening figure shows the proposed STAP architecture for BOC signal tracking. In this approach, the incoming BOC signals are at first processed using a temporal equalizer that produces a signal with a BPSK-like spectrum. The filtered spectra from several antennas are then combined using a spatial beamformer that produces maximum gain at the desired signal direction of arrival. The beamformed signal is then fed to the code and carrier lock loops for further processing. The transfer function of the temporal filter is obtained by minimizing the error: (5) where H(f) is the transfer function of the temporal filter that minimizes the MSE, εMMSES, between the desired spectrum, GD(f), and filtered spectrum, Gx(f)H(f). The spectrum of the incoming BOC signal is denoted by Gx(f). λ is a weighting factor determining the impact of noise with respect to that of an ambiguous correlation function. N0 is the noise power spectral density and C the carrier power. The desired spectrum is considered to be a BPSK spectrum. Since this type of processing minimizes the MSE, it is denoted MMSE Shaping (MMSES). Figure 3 shows a sample plot of the ACF obtained after applying MMSES on live Galileo BOCs(1,1) signals collected from the GIOVE-B satellite. The input C/N0 was equal to 40 dB-Hz and the ACF was averaged over 1 second of data. It can be observed that the multi-peaked ACF was successfully modified by MMSES to produce a BPSK-like ACF without secondary peaks. Also narrow ACF were obtained by modifying the filter design for improved multipath mitigation. Thus using temporal processing, the antenna array data are devoid of ambiguity due to the presence of the sub-carrier. After temporal equalization, the spatial weights are computed and updated based on the following information: The signal and noise covariance matrix obtained from the correlator outputs; Calibration parameters estimated to minimize the effect of mutual coupling and antenna gain/phase mismatch; Satellite data decoded from the ephemeris/almanac containing information on the GNSS signal DoA. The weights are updated using the iterative approach for the MVDR beamformer to maximize the signal quality according to the following steps: Step 1: Update the estimate of the steering vector for the hthsatellite using the calibration parameters as: (6) Here vi,j represents the estimated calibration parameters using the correlator outputs given by Eq. (3) and shm is the element of the steering vector computed using the satellite ephemeris/almanac data. Step 2: Update the weight vector (the temporal index, k, is removed for ease of notation) using the new estimate of the covariance matrix and steering vector as (7) where is the input signal after carrier wipe-off. Repeat Steps 1 and 2 until the weights converge. Finally compute the correlator output to drive the code and carrier tracking loop according to Equation (4). The C/N0 gain obtained after performing calibration and beamforming on a two-antenna linear array and four-antenna planar array data collected using the four channel front-end is provided in Figure 4 and Figure 5. The C/N0 plots are characterized by three regions: Single Antenna that provides C/N0 estimates obtained using q0,h alone; Before Calibration that provides C/N0 estimates obtained by compensating only the effects of the steering vector, si, before combining the correlator outputs from all antennas; After Calibration that provides C/N0 estimates obtained by compensating the effects of both steering vector, si and calibration matrix, C, before combining correlator outputs from all antennas. After calibration, beamforming provides approximately a C/N0 gain equal to the theoretical one on most of the satellites whereas before calibration, the gain is minimal and, in some cases, negative with respect to the single antenna case. These results support the effectiveness of the adopted calibration algorithm and the proposed methodology that enables efficient beamforming. Figure 4. C/N0 estimates obtained after performing calibration and beamforming on linear array data. Figure 5. C/N0 estimates obtained after performing calibration and beamforming on the planar array data. Results and Analysis IF simulated BOCs(1,1) signals for a 4-element planar array with array spacing equal to half the wavelength of the incoming signal has been considered to analyze the proposed algorithm. The input signal was characterized by a C/N0 equal to 42 dB-Hz at an angle of arrival of 20° elevation and 315° azimuth angle. A sample plot of the antenna array pattern using the spatial beamformer is shown in Figure 6. In the upper part of Figure 6, the ideal case in the absence of interference was considered. The algorithm is able to place a maximum of the array factor in correspondence of the signal DoA. Figure 6. Antenna array pattern for a 4-element planar array computed using a MVDR beamformer in the presence of two interference sources. In the bottom part, results in the presence of interference are shown. Two interference signals were introduced at 60 and 45 degree elevation angles. It can be clearly observed that, in the presence of interference, the MVDR beamformer successfully adapted the array beam pattern to place nulls in the interference DoA. In order to further test the tracking capabilities of the full system, semi-analytic simulations were performed for the analysis of digital tracking loops. The simulation scheme is shown in Figure 7 and consists of M antenna elements. Each antenna input for the hth satellite is defined by a code delay (τm,h) and a carrier phase value (φm,h) for DLL and PLL analysis. φm,h captures the effect of mutual coupling, antenna phase mismatch and phase effects due to different antenna hardware paths. To analyze the post-correlation processing structure, each antenna input is processed independently to obtain the error signal, Δτm,h / Δφm,h as where are the current delay/phase estimates. Figure 7. Semi-analytic simulation model for a multi-antenna system comprising M antennas with a spatial beamformer. Each error signal is then used to obtain the signal components that are added along with the independent noise components, . The combined signal and noise components from all antenna elements are fed to the spatial beamformer to produce a single output according to the algorithm described in the Methodology section. Finally, the beamformer output is passed through the loop discriminator, filter and NCO to provide a new estimate . The Error to Signal mapping block and the noise generation process accounts for the impact of temporal filtering. Figure 8 shows sample tracking jitter plots for a PLL with a single, dual and three-antenna array system obtained using the structure described above. Figure 8. Phase-tracking jitter obtained for single, dual and three-antenna linear array as a function of the input C/N0 for a Costas discriminator (20 milliseconds coherent integration and 5-Hz bandwidth). The number of simulation runs considered was 50000 with a coherent integration time of 20 ms and a PLL bandwidth equal to 5 Hz. As expected the tracking jitter improves when the number of antenna elements is increased along with improved tracking sensitivity. As expected, the C/N0 values at which loss of lock occurs for a three antenna system is reduced with respect to the single antenna system, showing its superiority. Real data analysis. Figure 9 shows the experimental setup considered for analysis of the proposed combined space-time algorithm. Two antennas spaced 8.48 centimeters apart were used to form a 2-element linear antenna array structure. The NI front-end was employed for the data collection process to synchronously collect data from the two-antenna system. Data on both channels were progressively attenuated by 1 dB every 10 seconds to simulate a weak signal environment until an attenuation of 20 dB was reached. When this level of attenuation was reached, the data were attenuated by 1 dB every 20 seconds to allow for longer processing under weak signal conditions. In this way, data on both antennas were attenuated simultaneously. Data from Antenna 1 were passed through a splitter, as shown in Figure 9, before being attenuated in order to collect signals used to produce reference code delay and carrier Doppler frequencies. Figure 9. Experimental setup with signals collected using two antennas spaced 8.48 centimeters apart. BOCs(1,1) signals collected using Figure 9 were tracked using the temporal and spatial processing technique described in the opening figure. The C/N0 results obtained using single and two antennas are provided in Figure 10. In the single antenna case, only temporal processing was used. In this case, the loop was able to track signals for an approximate C/N0 of 19 dB-Hz. Using the space-time processing, the dual antenna system was able to track for nearly 40 seconds longer than the single antenna case, thus providing around 2 dB improvement in tracking sensitivity. Figure 10. C/N0 estimates obtained using a single antenna, temporal only processing and a dual-antenna array system using space-time processing. Conclusions A combined space-time technique for the processing of new GNSS signals including a temporal filter at the output of each antenna, a calibration algorithm and a spatial beamformer has been developed. The proposed methodology has been tested with simulations and real data. It was observed that the proposed methodology was able to provide unambiguous tracking after applying the temporal filter and enhance the signal quality after applying a spatial beamformer. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to provide maximum signal gain in the presence of several interference sources was shown using simulated data. C/N0 analysis for real data collected using a dual antenna array showed the effectiveness of combined space-time processing in attenuated signal environments providing a 2 dB improvement in tracking sensitivity. Pratibha B. Anantharamu received her doctoral degree from Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada. She is a senior systems engineer at Accord Software & Systems Pvt. Ltd., India. Daniele Borio received a doctoral degree in electrical engineering from Politecnico di Torino. He is a post-doctoral fellow at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Gérard Lachapelle holds a Canada Research Chair in Wireless Location in the Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, where he heads the Position, Location, and Navigation (PLAN) Group.
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Positec machinery sh-dc0240400 ac adapter 24vdc 400ma used -(,iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts,frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal,epson a391uc ac adapter 13.5vdc 1.5a used -(+) 3.3x5mm 90° right,toshiba pa-1600-01 ac dc adapter 19v 3.16a power supply lcd,3com 61-026-0127-000 ac adapter 48v dc 400ma used ault ss102ec48.panasonic ag-b3a video ac adapter 12vdc 1.2a power supply.panasonic rp-bc126a ni-cd battery charger 2.4v 350ma class 2 sal.toshiba pa3377e-2aca ac adapter 15vdc 4a used 3x6.5mm round barr.a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max.hp 0950-4488 ac adapter 31v dc 2420ma used 2x5mm -(+)- ite power.apx141ps ac dc adapter 15v dc 1500ma power supply,motorola nu18-41120166-i3 ac adapter 12vdc 1.66a used -(+) 3x6.5,the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery,bs-032b ac/dc adapter 5v 200ma used 1 x 4 x 12.6 mm straight rou,ge tl26511 0200 rechargeable battery 2.4vdc 1.5mah for sanyo pc-.liteon pa-1900-33 ac adapter 12vdc 7.5a -(+)- 5x7.5mm 100-240vac.rocketfish rf-mcb90-t ac adapter 5vdc 0.6a used mini usb connect.is a robot operating system (ros),foreen industries ltd. 28-d09-100 ac adapter 9v dc 100ma used 2.anti jammer bluetooth wireless earpiece unlimited range.energy ea1060a fu1501 ac adapter 12-17vdc 4.2a used 4x6.5x12mm r.zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring.ibm 2684292 ac adapter 15v dc 2.7a used 3x5.5x9.3mm straight,gestion fps4024 ac adapter 24vdc 10va used 120v ac 60hz 51w,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,casio phone mate m/n-90 ac adapter 12vdc 200ma 6w white colour.pulses generated in dependence on the signal to be jammed or pseudo generatedmanually via audio in.texas instruments adp-9510-19a ac adapter 19vdc 1.9a used -(+)-,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers.apple powerbook m1893 ac adapter 16vdc 1.5a 16v 1a used 4 pin di,kenwood w08-0657 ac adapter 4.5vdc 600ma used -(+) 1.5x4x9mm 90°,baknor bk 1250-a 9025e3p ac adapter 12vdc 0.5a 10w used -(+) 2x5.ikea kmv-040-030-na ac adapter 4vdc 0.75a 3w used 2 pin din plug,gamestop 5v wii remote conteroller charging dock.fujitsu computers siemens adp-90sb ad ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a used,chicony cpa09-020a ac adapter 36vdc 1.1a 40w used -(+)- 4.2 x 6,air-shields elt68-1 ac adapter 120v 0.22a 60hz 2-pin connector p,the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure.nokia ac-3n ac adapter cell phone charger 5.0v 350ma asian versi,skil class ii battery charger 4.1vdc 330ma used flexi charge int,hp pa-1121-12r ac adapter 18.5vdc 6.5a used 2.5 x 5.5 x 12mm.ault sw 130 ka-00-00-f-02 ac adapter 60vdc 0.42a medical power s.anoma aspr0515-0808r ac adapter 5vdc 0.8a 15vdc 0.75a 5pin molex. Liteon pa-1650-02 ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a 65w used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm,digipower acd-kdx ac adapter 3.4vdc 2.5a 15pins travel charger k,condor dsa-0151d-12 ac adapter 12v dc 1.5a2pins mo power suppl.sony ac-l20a ac adapter 8.4vdc 1.5a 3pin charger ac-l200 for dcr,provided there is no hand over.sunbeam gb-2 ac adapter 110-120vac used transformer shaver canad,ibm pscv 360107a ac adapter 24vdc 1.5a used 4pin 9mm mini din 10.dell adp-50hh ac adapter 19vdc 2.64a used 0.5x5x7.5x12mm round b.in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,dve dsa-0421s-12 1 42 ac adapter +12vdc 3.5a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x1.this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,gn netcom ellipe 2.4 base and remote missing stand and cover,biogenik s12a02-050a200-06 ac adapter 5vdc 2a used -(+) 1.5x4x9m.v-2833 2.8vdc 165ma class 2 battery charger used 120vac 60hz 5w,panasonic cf-aa1653a j1 ac adapter 15.6v 5a used 2.7 x 5.4 x 9.7,acbel api4ad20 ac adapter 15v dc 5a switching power supply adapt,sony pcga-ac19v ac adapter 19.5vdc 3.3a notebook power supply,this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,sony ac-l25a ac dc adapter 8.4v 1.5a power supply 02-3273-2000.gateway lishin 0220a1990 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a laptop power sup,it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals,replacement 1650-05d ac adapter 19.5v 3.34a used -(+)- 5x7.4mm r.energizer jsd-2710-050200 ac adapter 5vdc 2a used 1.7x4x8.7mm ro,coming data cp1230 ac adapter 12vdc 3a used -(+) 2x5.5mm round b,finecom jhs-e02ab02-w08b ac adapter 5v dc 12v 2a 6 pin mini din.viewsonic adp-80ab ac adapter 12vdc 6.67a 3.3x6.4mm -(+)- power,this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator.ku2b-120-0300d ac adapter 12vdc 300ma -o ■+ power supply c.cobra ca 25 ac adapter dc 16v 100ma power supply charger.cwt paa040f ac adapter 12v dc 3.33a power supply.ibm 85g6698 ac adapter 16-10vdc 2.2-3.2a used -(+) 2.5x5.5x10mm,ksas0100500150hu ac adapter5v dc 1.5a new -(+) 1.5x4x8.7 stra.amperor adp12ac-24 ac adapter 24vdc 0.5a charger ite power supp,deer ad1812g ac adapter 10 13.5vdc 1.8a -(+)- 2x5.5mm 90° power,olympus d-7ac ac adapter 4.8v dc 2a used -(+)- 1.8x3.9mm.li shin 0317a19135 ac adapter 19vdc 7.1a used -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-2.health o meter adpt25 ac adapter 6v dc 300ma power supply.hp hstnn-la01-e ac adapter 19.5vdc 6.9a 135w used -(+) 0.6x5x7.5,chang zhou tai yu rkdc0450300 ac adapter 4.5vdc 300ma power supp.targus apa63us ac adapter 15v-24v 90w power supply universal use.yam yamet electronic transformer 12vac50w 220vac new european.hi capacity ac-c10 le 9702a 06 ac adapter 19vdc 3.79a 3.79a 72w.hp 384021-001 compaq ac adapter 19vdc 4.7a laptop power supply,compaq pe2004 ac adapter 15v 2.6a used 2.1 x 5 x 11 mm 90 degree. Li shin lse9802a2060 ac adapter 20vdc 3a 60w max -(+)- used.astrodyne spu15a-102 ac adapter 5v 2.4a switching power supply,jvc vu-v71u pc junction box 7.5vdc used power supply asip6h033,imex 9392 ac adapter 24vdc 65ma used 2 x 5.5 x 9.5mm,8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices.texas instruments zvc36-13-e27 4469 ac adapter 13vdc 2.77a 36w f,the latest 5g signal jammers are available in the jammer -buy store.in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,ibm 92p1016 ac adapter 16v dc 4.5a power supply for thinkpad.channex tcr ac adapter 5.1vdc 120ma used 0.6x2.5x10.3mm round ba,this project uses arduino for controlling the devices,condor dsa-0151d-12 ac adapter 12v dc 1.5a switching power suppl,ibm 02k6750 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 100-240vac used,and 41-6-500r ac adapter 6vdc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5x9.4mm round,targus apa32us ac adapter 19.5vdc 4.61a used 1.5x5.5x11mm 90° ro,motorola ssw-0508 travel charger 5.9v 400ma used,skynet snp-pa5t ac adapter +48v 1.1a used -(+) shielded wire pow,yhsafc0502000w1us ac adapter 5vdc 2a used -(+) 1.5x4x9mm round b.programmable load shedding,casio ad-a60024iu ac adapter 6vdc 200ma used +(-) 2x5.5x9.6mm ro,samsung pscv420102a ac adapter 14vdc 3a power supply,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces,hp pa-1650-02hc ac adapter 18.5v 3.5a used 1x5 x7.5x12.8mm lapto,astrodyne spu16a-105 ac adapter 12vdc 1.25a -(+)- 2x5.5mm switch,lite-on pa-1650-02 19v 3.42a ac dc adapter power supply acer.tectrol kodak nu60-9240250-13 ac adapter 24v 2.5a ite power supp,ibm pa-1121-07ii ac adapter 16vdc 7.5a 4pin female power supply,ma-1210-1 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used car cell phone charger,archer 273-1454a ac dc adapter 6v 150ma power supply,pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system.ultra ulac901224ap ac adapter 24vdc 5.5a used -(+)5.5x8mm power,aps aps61es-30 ac adapter +5v +12v -12v 5a 1.5a 0.5a 50w power s,a prototype circuit was built and then transferred to a permanent circuit vero-board.samsung tad437 jse ac adapter 5vdc 0.7a used.travel charger powe.skynet hyp-a037 ac adapter 5vdc 2400ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm straigh,its called denial-of-service attack,metrologic 3a-052wp05 ac adapter 5-5.2v 1a - ---c--- + used90.automatic telephone answering machine.lenovo 42t4434 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a new -(+) 5.1x8x11.3mm.please see our fixed jammers page for fixed location cell,kramer scp41-120500 ac adapter 12vdc 500ma 5.4va used -(+) 2x5.5.ppp017h replacement ac adapter 18.5v 6.5a used oval pin laptop,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,aopen a10p1-05mp ac adapter 22v 745ma i.t.e power supply for gps. Cobra ga-cl/ga-cs ac adapter 12vdc 100ma -(+) 2x5.5mm power supp,ppp003sd replacement ac adapter 18.5v 6.5a laptop power supply r,brother ad-20 ac adapter 6vdc 1.2a used -(+) 2x5.5x9.8mm round b,delta adp-30jh b ac dc adapter 19v 1.58a laptop power supply,hr-091206 ac adapter 12vdc 6a -(+) used 2.4 x 5.4 x 12mm straigh,fidelity electronics u-charge new usb battery charger 0220991603.replacement st-c-075-12000600ct ac adapter 12vdc 4.5-6a -(+) 2.5.apple a1070 w008a130 ac adapter 13vdc 0.62a usb 100-240vac power,thermo gastech 49-2163 ac adapter 12.6vdc 220/70ma battery charg,dell da65ns4-00 ac adapter 19.5v3.34a power supply genuine origi.nintendo wap-002(usa) ac adapter 4.6vdc 900ma 2pin dsi charger p.amigo ams4-1501600fu ac adapter 15vdc 1.6a -(+) 1.7x4.7mm 100-24,nokiaacp-12x cell phone battery uk travel charger,toshiba pa3049u-1aca ac adapter 15v 3a power supply laptop,replacement af1805-a ac adapter 5vdc 2.5a power supply 3 pin din,astec da2-3101us-l ac adapter 5vdc 0.4a power supply,this is as well possible for further individual frequencies,delta adp-63bb b ac adapter 15v 4.2a laptop power supply,sam a460 ac adapter 5vdc 700ma used 1x2.5mm straight round barre,konica minolta ac-a10n ac adapter 9vdc 0.7a 2x5.5mm +(-) used.tdp ep-119/ktc-339 ac adapter 12vac 0.93amp used 2.5x5.5x9mm rou,teamgreat t94b027u ac adapter 3.3vdc 3a -(+) 2.5x5.4mm 90 degree,hp pa-1151-03hv ac adapter 19vdc 7.89a used 1 x 5 x 7.4 x 12.6mm,phihong psa18r-120p ac adapter 12vdc 1.5a 5.5x2.1mm 2prong us.this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,nikon eh-64 ac adapter 4.8vdc 1.5a -(+) power supply for coolpix,li shin lse9901b1260 ac adapter12vdc 5a 60w used 4pin din power,philips consumer v80093bk01 ac adapter 15vdc 280ma used direct w.canon ca-ps700 ac dc adapter power supply powershot s2 is elura,nothing more than a key blank and a set of warding files were necessary to copy a car key,samsung ap04214-uv ac adapter 14vdc 3a -(+) tip 1x4.4x6x10mm 100.hp pa-1650-32hj ac adapter 19.5vdc 3.5a used 5 x 7.4 x 12.6 mm s,morse key or microphonedimensions,horsodan 7000253 ac adapter 24vdc 1.5a power supply medical equi.toshiba pa2426u ac adapter 15vdc 1.4a used -(+) 3x6.5mm straight,et-case35-g ac adapter 12v 5vdc 2a used 6pin din ite power suppl,hipower ea11603 ac adapter 18-24v 160w laptop power supply 3x6.5,kodak k4500-c+i ni-mh rapid batteries charger 2.4vdc 1.2a origin.some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate.although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,compaq pa-1530-02cv ac adapter 18.5vdc 2.7a used 1.7x5mm round b.for more information about the jammer free device unlimited range then contact me.at&t sil s005iu060040 ac adapter 6vdc 400ma -(+)- 1.7x4mm used,with infrared the remote control turns on/off the power. Toshiba pa2440u ac adapter 15vdc 2a laptop power supply,eng 3a-161wp05 ac adapter 5vdc 2.6a -(+) 2x5.5mm used 100vac swi.finecom ac adapter yamet plug not included 12vac 20-50w electron,single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources,sony on-001ac ac adapter 8.4vdc 400ma used power supply charger,ault mw117ka ac adapter 5vdc 2a used -(+)- 1.4 x 3.4 x 8.7 mm st,mastercraft 54-2959-0 battery charger 9vdc 1.5a cordless drill p,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,fsp 150-aaan1 ac adapter 24vdc 6.25a 4pin 10mm +(::)- power supp,braun 3 709 ac adapter dc 1.3w class 2 power supply plug in char.ikea yh-u050-0600d ac adapter 5vdc 500ma used -(+) 2.5x6.5x16mm,sony adp-708sr ac adapter 5vdc 1500ma used ite power supply,digipower tc-500 solutions world travel chargerscanon battery,walker 1901.031 ac adapter 9vdc 100ma used -(+) 2.1x5.3mm round,cui stack dv-1280 ac adapter 12vdc 800ma used 1.9x5.4x12.1mm.microsoft dpsn-10eb xbox 360 quick charge kit,320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1.hp pa-1900-15c1 ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.9a 90w used,cell towers divide a city into small areas or cells,ault t48-161250-a020c ac adapter 16va 1250ma used 4pin connector,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations,sony ac-l15b ac dc adapter 8.4v 1.5a power supply for camcorder.1km at rs 35000/set in new delhi,. cell phone jammer for specific numbers-cell phone and gps jammers wikiraptor cell phone jammercell phone jammer Brockvilleradar detector cell phone jammercell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombe
2 ghzparalyses all types of remote-controlled bombshigh rf transmission power 400 w,nokia ac-5e ac adapter cell phone charger 5.0v 800ma euorope ver,.
Modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink,au35-120-020 ac adapter 12vdc 200ma 0.2a 2.4va power supply,dve dsa-0101f-05 up ac adapter 5v 2a power supply.. www.giacomolino.it
