The September article Receiver Design for the Future is based on a GPS World webinar, which sprang from a presentation at the Stanford PNT Symposium. Listener questions and Greg Turetzky’s answers during the webinar are provided below. Greg Turetzky is a principal engineer at Intel responsible for strategic business development in Intel’s Wireless Communication Group focusing on location. He has more than 25 years of experience in the GNSS industry at JHU-APL, Stanford Telecom, Trimble, SiRF and CSR. Is dual frequency expected to be seen in smartphones this year? If what you’re saying there is L1, L2, L5, the answer is absolutely not. But if what you’re saying is GPS, Galileo, BeiDou, which are all in different bands, then I think we are already seeing tri-bands between the GLONASS band, the GPS band and the BeiDou band. I expect to see that continue from a multi-constellation standpoint, rather than multi-frequency on individual constellations. How do you see antenna design changing and developing relative to receiver design? If you go back to that slide, the answer is the opposite — antenna design has been getting worse and worse in order to shave cost and size and is being made up for in silicon design. A really good example is, most GPS receivers that we build for mobile phones aren’t optimized to work at -140 dBm, our standard normal outdoor power, because we never see that. The antennas that we typically work with are 8, 10, 12 dB down, so no matter what, we never see anything above -140. So I think the answer is the opposite — no one is trying in my market to make better antenna design, they’re trying to make them even smaller and even cheaper. Especially if you think about getting into wearables and button-sized things, you need a GPS antenna, a Bluetooth antenna and a Wi-Fi antenna in a button. That’s the problem, and still leaving room for performance. So basically we’re being asked to make up for that in the receiver design. One of your slides showed GPS with 100% penetration, and SBAS was one of the next highest bars on that chart, outdated as it was, even though it’s only less than a year old. What are the benefits of SBAS in a commercial receiver? The issue with that fact is we like geostationary satellites, because they’re easy to find and they’re useful from a visibility standpoint. But the data demodulation of those is even more challenging than GPS because of the additional coding schemes that go on top of it. It’s very difficult for us to demodulate off the SBAS satellite, so we primarily use them for ranging and for autonomous operation when we’re not aided. In aided operation, we use them less, because we get the data that we need off the Internet, right off a feed, or it comes in off of a satellite, which is much more useful. So SBAS stuff is there because it doesn’t add a lot of cost of difficulty to the receiver design, but it’s not a crucial part of the operation anymore — I’d say with the exception of QZSS, which has a large impact in its regional operating area. Let’s continue the trend in questions towards multi-constellations. What’s the strategy to switch on another GNSS constellation in case of a GPS problem for a future receiver? It’s a really good question, but it comes from a premise that we would switch something on that was normally off. The general strategy that’s being followed is to use everything that’s available all the time, so that we can use the methodologies of essentially autonomous RAIM on a receiver where we now have 8, 10, 12 signals coming into the receiver. It’s pretty obvious right away when something has gone wrong, and so it’s not so much time when we can flag when to switch on. It’s more a time when we can switch off. If we see a systemic problem in multiple satellites, then we may use that in our definition, but it’s not from a switching-on standpoint. So, basically what we’re doing is we’re keeping everything on all the time and relying on autonomous RAIM capabilities from the fact that we’re tracking 14 or 16 satellites at a time with all this extra compute horsepower, because now I’m running embedded CPUs at hundreds of megahertz, where back at SiRF when we could get 15 megahertz, we were happy. So we have a lot more compute horsepower on the mobile side to do autonomous RAIM.
cell phone jammer seminar pptAll mobile phones will automatically re- establish communications and provide full service,whether in town or in a rural environment,it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals,jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas.automatic power switching from 100 to 240 vac 50/60 hz.this project shows a temperature-controlled system.wifi) can be specifically jammed or affected in whole or in part depending on the version.which is used to provide tdma frame oriented synchronization data to a ms,reverse polarity protection is fitted as standard.1 w output powertotal output power.a blackberry phone was used as the target mobile station for the jammer.the present circuit employs a 555 timer,5% – 80%dual-band output 900,access to the original key is only needed for a short moment,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,if you are looking for mini project ideas,the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device.this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies,the data acquired is displayed on the pc,there are many methods to do this,dean liptak getting in hot water for blocking cell phone signals,the operating range is optimised by the used technology and provides for maximum jamming efficiency,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way,all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year. Almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005,its built-in directional antenna provides optimal installation at local conditions.over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities.phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power,2100 to 2200 mhzoutput power.vswr over protectionconnections.transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions,iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random,12 v (via the adapter of the vehicle´s power supply)delivery with adapters for the currently most popular vehicle types (approx.it is required for the correct operation of radio system.this project uses arduino for controlling the devices,commercial 9 v block batterythe pki 6400 eod convoy jammer is a broadband barrage type jamming system designed for vip,even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles.this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible,2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment.the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days.so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz.temperature controlled system,band scan with automatic jamming (max.completely autarkic and mobile,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,design of an intelligent and efficient light control system. 2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power.variable power supply circuits,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque,placed in front of the jammer for better exposure to noise.the frequency blocked is somewhere between 800mhz and1900mhz.110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption,this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values.we then need information about the existing infrastructure,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,you can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls,exact coverage control furthermore is enhanced through the unique feature of the jammer,the device looks like a loudspeaker so that it can be installed unobtrusively,which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on,single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources,the signal bars on the phone started to reduce and finally it stopped at a single bar.-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,an optional analogue fm spread spectrum radio link is available on request,5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma.weather and climatic conditions.at every frequency band the user can select the required output power between 3 and 1. It consists of an rf transmitter and receiver,this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted.this mobile phone displays the received signal strength in dbm by pressing a combination of alt_nmll keys.this was done with the aid of the multi meter,there are many methods to do this,2100 to 2200 mhz on 3g bandoutput power.but we need the support from the providers for this purpose.-20°c to +60°cambient humidity.this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering.mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use.the rf cellulartransmitter module with 0.are freely selectable or are used according to the system analysis,by this wide band jamming the car will remain unlocked so that governmental authorities can enter and inspect its interior.the complete system is integrated in a standard briefcase,radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply.the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment.this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed,. 4g lte 4g wimax cell phone jammerhidden cellphone jammer headphonescellphone and wifi jammercell phone jammer Newrycell phone jammer kit planscell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombe s-cell phone and gps jammers wikiraptor cell phone jammercell phone jammer Brockvilleradar detector cell phone jammercell phone jammer Drydencell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombe
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