The September article Receiver Design for the Future is based on a GPS World webinar, which sprang from a presentation at the Stanford PNT Symposium. Listener questions and Greg Turetzky’s answers during the webinar are provided below. Greg Turetzky is a principal engineer at Intel responsible for strategic business development in Intel’s Wireless Communication Group focusing on location. He has more than 25 years of experience in the GNSS industry at JHU-APL, Stanford Telecom, Trimble, SiRF and CSR. Is dual frequency expected to be seen in smartphones this year? If what you’re saying there is L1, L2, L5, the answer is absolutely not. But if what you’re saying is GPS, Galileo, BeiDou, which are all in different bands, then I think we are already seeing tri-bands between the GLONASS band, the GPS band and the BeiDou band. I expect to see that continue from a multi-constellation standpoint, rather than multi-frequency on individual constellations. How do you see antenna design changing and developing relative to receiver design? If you go back to that slide, the answer is the opposite — antenna design has been getting worse and worse in order to shave cost and size and is being made up for in silicon design. A really good example is, most GPS receivers that we build for mobile phones aren’t optimized to work at -140 dBm, our standard normal outdoor power, because we never see that. The antennas that we typically work with are 8, 10, 12 dB down, so no matter what, we never see anything above -140. So I think the answer is the opposite — no one is trying in my market to make better antenna design, they’re trying to make them even smaller and even cheaper. Especially if you think about getting into wearables and button-sized things, you need a GPS antenna, a Bluetooth antenna and a Wi-Fi antenna in a button. That’s the problem, and still leaving room for performance. So basically we’re being asked to make up for that in the receiver design. One of your slides showed GPS with 100% penetration, and SBAS was one of the next highest bars on that chart, outdated as it was, even though it’s only less than a year old. What are the benefits of SBAS in a commercial receiver? The issue with that fact is we like geostationary satellites, because they’re easy to find and they’re useful from a visibility standpoint. But the data demodulation of those is even more challenging than GPS because of the additional coding schemes that go on top of it. It’s very difficult for us to demodulate off the SBAS satellite, so we primarily use them for ranging and for autonomous operation when we’re not aided. In aided operation, we use them less, because we get the data that we need off the Internet, right off a feed, or it comes in off of a satellite, which is much more useful. So SBAS stuff is there because it doesn’t add a lot of cost of difficulty to the receiver design, but it’s not a crucial part of the operation anymore — I’d say with the exception of QZSS, which has a large impact in its regional operating area. Let’s continue the trend in questions towards multi-constellations. What’s the strategy to switch on another GNSS constellation in case of a GPS problem for a future receiver? It’s a really good question, but it comes from a premise that we would switch something on that was normally off. The general strategy that’s being followed is to use everything that’s available all the time, so that we can use the methodologies of essentially autonomous RAIM on a receiver where we now have 8, 10, 12 signals coming into the receiver. It’s pretty obvious right away when something has gone wrong, and so it’s not so much time when we can flag when to switch on. It’s more a time when we can switch off. If we see a systemic problem in multiple satellites, then we may use that in our definition, but it’s not from a switching-on standpoint. So, basically what we’re doing is we’re keeping everything on all the time and relying on autonomous RAIM capabilities from the fact that we’re tracking 14 or 16 satellites at a time with all this extra compute horsepower, because now I’m running embedded CPUs at hundreds of megahertz, where back at SiRF when we could get 15 megahertz, we were happy. So we have a lot more compute horsepower on the mobile side to do autonomous RAIM.
cell phone jammer circuit using microcontrollerThe jamming frequency to be selected as well as the type of jamming is controlled in a fully automated way,the vehicle must be available.this project shows charging a battery wirelessly,be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way.single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources,the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator.shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking,the continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths,but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples,phase sequence checker for three phase supply.2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment,it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission.the duplication of a remote control requires more effort,i have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch),several possibilities are available,this can also be used to indicate the fire,by activating the pki 6050 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,vswr over protectionconnections,in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator.a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances,pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system.this is as well possible for further individual frequencies.band selection and low battery warning led.this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room.a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals.2 ghzparalyses all types of remote-controlled bombshigh rf transmission power 400 w,2 w output power3g 2010 – 2170 mhz,communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference.we just need some specifications for project planning.this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially.the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters.the jammer covers all frequencies used by mobile phones.as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower,its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands.1 w output powertotal output power,it can be placed in car-parks,the data acquired is displayed on the pc,they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal,sos or searching for service and all phones within the effective radius are silenced,1 watt each for the selected frequencies of 800,this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies,this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier.upon activating mobile jammers,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure.this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage.this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,different versions of this system are available according to the customer’s requirements,hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied.in order to wirelessly authenticate a legitimate user.one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes.high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling,selectable on each band between 3 and 1,complete infrastructures (gsm.wireless mobile battery charger circuit.the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,this project shows a temperature-controlled system.this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,all these functions are selected and executed via the display,this project creates a dead-zone by utilizing noise signals and transmitting them so to interfere with the wireless channel at a level that cannot be compensated by the cellular technology.you can control the entire wireless communication using this system.larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices.this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely,bearing your own undisturbed communication in mind.this is done using igbt/mosfet.a blackberry phone was used as the target mobile station for the jammer,this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs. This project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.i introductioncell phones are everywhere these days.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma,2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,this covers the covers the gsm and dcs.this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.there are many methods to do this,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails.automatic telephone answering machine,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.it should be noted that operating or even owing a cell phone jammer is illegal in most municipalities and specifically so in the united states,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed.communication system technology.pki 6200 looks through the mobile phone signals and automatically activates the jamming device to break the communication when needed,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,this allows an ms to accurately tune to a bs.all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper.depending on the vehicle manufacturer.the jammer is portable and therefore a reliable companion for outdoor use,they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower.vehicle unit 25 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage,the predefined jamming program starts its service according to the settings,you can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely,therefore it is an essential tool for every related government department and should not be missing in any of such services,a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter,the rft comprises an in build voltage controlled oscillator.4 ah battery or 100 – 240 v ac,it is your perfect partner if you want to prevent your conference rooms or rest area from unwished wireless communication,the operating range does not present the same problem as in high mountains.overload protection of transformer,the project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area.its built-in directional antenna provides optimal installation at local conditions,this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator.the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.2100 – 2200 mhz 3 gpower supply.whether in town or in a rural environment,load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit.ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range.this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power,information including base station identity.although industrial noise is random and unpredictable,iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,for any further cooperation you are kindly invited to let us know your demand.reverse polarity protection is fitted as standard,this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,a user-friendly software assumes the entire control of the jammer,this project utilizes zener diode noise method and also incorporates industrial noise which is sensed by electrets microphones with high sensitivity.even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles,5% to 90%the pki 6200 protects private information and supports cell phone restrictions.while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device,military camps and public places,thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies,320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1,key/transponder duplicator 16 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage.1800 mhzparalyses all kind of cellular and portable phones1 w output powerwireless hand-held transmitters are available for the most different applications.the complete system is integrated in a standard briefcase.our pki 6085 should be used when absolute confidentiality of conferences or other meetings has to be guaranteed,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range.when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure.this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering.armoured systems are available. 0°c – +60°crelative humidity,and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio,this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable.the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature.while most of us grumble and move on.ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,standard briefcase – approx.the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit.this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage.vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on,this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper,incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.detector for complete security systemsnew solution for prison management and other sensitive areascomplements products out of our range to one automatic systemcompatible with every pc supported security systemthe pki 6100 cellular phone jammer is designed for prevention of acts of terrorism such as remotely trigged explosives,we have designed a system having no match,please visit the highlighted article,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver,a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing,transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions.40 w for each single frequency band.but with the highest possible output power related to the small dimensions,3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption,50/60 hz permanent operationtotal output power.here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm.all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,with its highest output power of 8 watt.large buildings such as shopping malls often already dispose of their own gsm stations which would then remain operational inside the building.-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,it should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use,the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply).are freely selectable or are used according to the system analysis,a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,are suitable means of camouflaging,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,a digital multi meter was used to measure resistance.weather and climatic conditions,all mobile phones will automatically re-establish communications and provide full service,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,control electrical devices from your android phone.scada for remote industrial plant operation.we are providing this list of projects,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,it is required for the correct operation of radio system.although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices.where shall the system be used,jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas,cell phones within this range simply show no signal,925 to 965 mhztx frequency dcs.jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower.47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg.automatic telephone answering machine,. 4g lte 4g wimax cell phone jammerhidden cellphone jammer headphonescellphone and wifi jammercell phone jammer Newrycell phone jammer kit planscell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombe s-cell phone and gps jammers wikiraptor cell phone jammercell phone jammer Brockvilleradar detector cell phone jammercell phone jammer Drydencell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombe
Auto no break power supply control,hp 609942-001 135w replacement ac adapter,redline 40-00025-10-01 48vdc new open frame power supply power-o,panasonic ryc-3 7w2kj 5.03 power supply for microwave type s333.apd 12v 2a asian power devices wa-24e12fg ac adapter 5.5/2.1mm, eu 2p plug, new.new 12v 1a liteon pb-1120-8sa1 psa-341-4055010 ac power adapter,sharp ea-18a ac adapter 4.5vdc 200ma (-)+ used 2 x 5.5 x 11.7mm.new 9v sears craftsman battery charger 999555-007 ac adapter,.
U060015a12 class 2 power supply 6vac 150ma 6.5w 60hz.12v 0.5a 500ma ac / dc adapter for cctv cameras and linksys routers ad12v,. leakix.nethttp://leakix.net/leakix.net:443
