Integrations of MEMS sensors with signal conditioning and radio communications form “motes” with extremely low-cost and low-power requirements and miniaturized form factor. Now standard features in modern mobile devices, MEMS accelerometers and gyros can be combined with absolute positioning technologies, such as GNSS or other wireless technologies, for user localization. Navigation has been revolutionized by micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensor development, offering new capabilities for wireless positioning technologies and their integration into modern smartphones. These new technologies range from simple IrDA using infrared light for short-range, point-to-point communications, to wireless personal area network (WPAN) for short range, point-to multi-point communications, such as Bluetooth and ZigBee, to mid-range, multi-hop wireless local area network (WLAN, also known as wireless fidelity or Wi-Fi), to long-distance cellular phone systems, such as GSM/GPRS and CDMA. With these technologies, navigation itself has become much broader than just providing a solution to location-based services (LBS) questions, such as “Where am I?” or “How to get from start point to destination?” It has moved into new areas such as games, geolocation, mobile mapping, virtual reality, tracking, health monitoring and context awareness. MEMS sensors are now essential components of modern smartphones and tablets. Miniaturized devices and structures produced with micro-fabrication techniques, their physical dimensions range from less than 1 micrometer (μm, a millionth of a meter) to several millimeters (mm). The types of MEMS devices vary from relatively simple structures having no moving elements to complex electromechanical systems with multiple moving elements under the control of integrated microelectronics. Apart from size reduction, MEMS technology offers other benefits such as batch production and cost reduction, power (voltage) reduction, ruggedization and design flexibility, within limits. Wireless sensor technology allows MEMS sensors to be integrated with signal-conditioning and radio units to form “motes” with extremely low cost, small size and low power requirements. New miniaturized sensors and actuators based on MEMS are available on the market or in the development stage. Today’s smartphone sensors can include MEMS-based accelerometers, microphones, gyroscopes, temperature and humidity sensors, light sensors, proximity and touch sensors, image sensors, magnetometers, barometric pressure sensors and capacitive fingerprint sensors, all integrated to wireless sensor nodes. These sensors were not initially intended for navigation. For instance, accelerometers are used primarily for applications such as switching the display from landscape to portrait as well as gaming. These embedded sensors, however, are natural candidates for sensing user context. Because of their locating capabilities, people are getting used to the location-enabled life. MEMS accelerometers and gyros, for instance, can be employed for localization in combination with absolute positioning technologies, such as GNSS or other wireless technologies. WIRELESS OPTIONS IN SMARTPHONES Various wireless standards have been established. Among them, the standards for Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.11b and wireless PAN, IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) and IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) are used more widely for measurement and automation applications. All these standards use the instrumentation, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands, including the sub-GHz bands of 902–928 MHz (US), 868–870 MHz (Europe), 433.05–434.79 MHz (US and Europe) and 314–316 MHz (Japan) and the GHz bands of 2.4000-2.4835 GHz (worldwide acceptable). In general, a lower frequency allows a longer transmission range and a stronger capability to penetrate through walls and glass. However, due to the fact that radio waves with lower frequencies are more easily absorbed by materials, such as water and trees, and that radio waves with higher frequencies are easier to scatter, effective transmission distance for signals carried by a high-frequency radio wave may not necessarily be shorter than that of a lower frequency carrier at the same power rating. The 2.4-GHz band has a wider bandwidth that allows more channels and frequency hopping and permits compact antennas. Wireless Fidelity. Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) is a flexible data communication protocol implemented to extend or substitute for a wired local area network, such as Ethernet. The bandwidth of 802.11b is 11 Mbits and it operates at 2.4 GHz frequency. Originally a technology for short-range wireless data communication, it is typically deployed as an ad-hoc network in a hot-spot. Wireless networks are built by attaching an access point (AP) to the edge of a wired network. Clients communicate with the AP using a wireless network adapter similar to an Ethernet adapter. Beacon frames are transmitted in IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi for network identification, broadcasting network capabilities, synchronization and other control and management purposes. Timers of all terminals are synchronized to the AP clock by the timestamp information of the beacon frames. The IEEE 802.11 MAC (Media Access Control) protocol utilizes carrier sensing contention based on energy detection or signal quality. RSSs and MAC addresses of the APs are location-dependent information that can be adopted for positioning. For localization of a mobile device, either cell-based solutions or (tri)lateration and location fingerprinting are commonly employed. Bluetooth. A wireless protocol for short-range communication, Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) uses the 2.4-Hz, 915-MHz and 868-MHz ISM radio bands to communicate at 1 Mbit between up to eight devices. It is mainly designed to maximize the ad-hoc networking functionality (Wang et al., 2006). Compared to Wi-Fi, the gross bit rate is lower (1 Mbps), and the range is shorter (typically around 10 m). On the other hand, Bluetooth is a “lighter” standard, highly ubiquitous (embedded in most phones) and supports several other networking services in addition to IP. For positioning either tags (small size transceivers) or Bluetooth low energy (BLE) iBeacons are common. Each tag has a unique ID that can be used for localization. iBeacon is a low-energy protocol developed by Apple; compatible hardware transmitters, typically so-called beacons, broadcast their identifier to nearby portable electronic devices. The technology enables smartphones, tablets and other devices to perform actions when in close proximity to an iBeacon whereby a universally unique identifier picked up by a compatible app or operating system is transmitted. The identifier and several bytes sent with it can be used to determine the device’s physical location, track customers, or trigger an LBS action on the device such as a check-in on social media or a push notification. One application is distributing messages at a specific point of interest — for example, a store, a bus stop, a room or a more specific location like a piece of furniture or a vending machine. This is similar to previously used geopush technology based on GNSS, but with a much reduced impact on battery life and much extended precision. Another application is an indoor positioning system, which helps smartphones determine their approximate location or context. With the help of an iBeacon, a smartphone’s software can approximately find its relative location to an iBeacon. iBeacon differs from some other LBS technologies as the broadcasting device (beacon) is only a one-way transmitter to the receiving smartphone, and necessitates a specific app installed on the device to interact with the beacons. This ensures that only the installed app (not the iBeacon transmitter) can track users, potentially against their will, as they passively walk around the transmitters. Localization is based on proximity sensing and cell-based solutions. ZigBee. ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios. ZigBee operates in the ISM radio bands: 2.4 GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide, 784 MHz in China, 868 MHz in Europe and 915 MHz in the U.S. and Australia. Data rates vary from 20 kbit/s (868-MHz band) to 250 kbit/s (2.4-GHz band). It adds network, security and application software and is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Owing to its low power consumption and simple networking configuration, ZigBee is best suited for intermittent data transmissions from a sensor or input device. Applications include wireless light switches, electrical meters with in-home displays, traffic management systems and other consumer and industrial equipment that requires short-range low-rate wireless data transfer. Distances are limited to 10–100 m line-of-sight, depending on power output and environmental characteristics. ZigBee localization techniques usually use measurement of signal strength (RSS-based positioning) in conjunction with (tri)lateration and fingerprinting. COMPARING STANDARDS Table 1 compares the three wireless standards most suitable for a wireless sensor network. The standards also address the network issues for wireless sensors. Three types of networks (star, hybrid and mesh) have been developed and standardized. TABLE 1. Comparison of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and ZigBee. Bluetooth uses star networks, composed of piconets and scatternets. Each piconet connects one master node with up to seven slave nodes, whereas each scatternet connects multiple piconets, to form an ad-hoc network. ZigBee uses hybrid star networks of multiple master nodes with routing capabilities to connect slave nodes, which have no routing capability. The most efficient networking technology uses peer-to-peer mesh networks, which allow all the nodes in the network to have routing capability. Mesh networks allow autonomous nodes to self-assemble into the network and allow sensor information to propagate across the network with high reliability and over an extended range. They also allow time synchronization and low power consumption for the “listeners” in the network, thus extending battery life. When a large number of wireless sensors need to be networked, several levels of networking may be combined. For example, an IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) mesh network comprised of high-end nodes, such as gateway units, can be overlaid on a ZigBee sensor network to maintain a high level of network performance. A remote application server (RAS) can also be deployed in the field close to a localized sensor network to manage the network, to collect localized data, to host web-based applications, to remotely access the cellular network via a GSM/GPRS or a CDMA-based modem and, in turn, to access the internet and remote users. ESTIMATION METHODS The three most common position estimation methods are cell-based positioning (cell-of-origin, CoO), (tri) lateration and location fingerprinting, regarding achievable positioning accuracies as well as their advantages and disadvantages. They provide different level of accuracies ranging from dm up to tens of m. Compared to (tri)lateration and fingerprinting, the principle of operation of CoO is the most straightforward and simplest. Disadvantages range from the requirement of a large number of devices or receivers as well as their performance in dynamic environments. All these techniques provide absolute localization capabilities. Their disadvantage is that position fixes are lost if no coverage or signal availability is available. Thus, combination with other technologies to bridge loss of lock of wireless signals (for example, no GNSS reception) is required. In smartphones, motion sensors exists that can be employed for inertial navigation (IN). In this article, these sensors are also referred to as inertial sensors. In the simplest case, a position solution can be obtained from the relative measurements of the inertial sensors via dead reckoning (DR). The accelerometers, for instance, can be used by a pedestrian to count steps while walking and the gyroscope and magnetometer can provide the direction of movement. These sensors have therefore substantially won on importance for navigation solutions. MEMS LOCATION SENSORS For many navigation applications, improved accuracy and performance is not necessarily the most important issue, but meeting performance at reduced cost and size is. In particular, small navigation sensor size allows the introduction of guidance, navigation and control into applications previously considered out of reach. In this context, the small size, extreme ruggedness and potential for very low-cost and weight means of MEMS gyros and accelerometers have been, and will be, able to utilize inertial guidance systems — a situation that was unthinkable before MEMS. The reduction in size of the sensing elements, however, creates challenges for attaining good performance. In general, the performance of MEMS inertial measurement units (IMUs) continues to be limited by gyro performance, which is typically around 10 to 30 deg/h, rather than by accelerometer performance, which has demonstrated tens of micro-g or better. MEMS has struggled to reach high-accuracy tactical-grade quality. MEMS Accelerometors. MEMS accelerometers are either pendulous/displacement mass type or resonator type. The former use closed-loop capacitive sensing and electrostatic forcing while the latter are based on resonance operation. Both can detect acceleration in two primary ways: either displacement of a hinged or flexure-supported proof mass under acceleration, producing a change in a capacitive or piezoelectric readout, or frequency change of a vibrating element caused by a change in its tension induced by a change of loading from a seismic-proof mass. Pendulous types can meet a wide performance range from 1 mg for tactical systems down to 25 μg. Resonant accelerometers or VBAs can reach higher performance down to 1 μg. MEMS-Based Gyroscopes. For MEMS INS, attaining suitable gyro performance is more difficult to achieve than accelerometer performance. Fundamentally, MEMS gyros fall into four major areas: vibrating beams, vibrating plates, ring resonators and dithered accelerometers. Gyroscopes are usually built as hybrid solutions, with sensor and electronics as two separate chips. The operational principle for all vibratory gyroscopes is based on the utilization of the Coriolis force. If a mass is vibrated sinusoidally in a plane, and that plane is rotated at some angular rate Ω, then the Coriolis force causes the mass to vibrate sinusoidally perpendicular to the frame with amplitude proportional to the angular rate Ω. Measurement of the Coriolis-induced motion provides knowledge of the angular rate Ω. This rate measurement is the underlying principle of all quartz and silicon micro-machined. These gyroscopes are usually designed as an electronically driven resonator, which are often fabricated out of a single piece of quartz or silicon. The output is demodulated, amplified and digitized. Their extremely small size, combined with the strength of silicon, makes them ideal for very high-acceleration applications. For purely surface micro-mechanical gyroscopes, given their small sizes and capacitances, monolithic integration is an option to be considered not so much for cost as for performance. Combined IMUs. Further interest in all-accelerometer systems, which are also referred to as gyro-free, arises because high-performing small gyroscopes are very difficult to produce. Two approaches are typically used. In the first, the Coriolis effect is utilized. Typically, three opposing pairs of monolithic MEMS accelerometers are dithered on a vibrating structure (or rotated). This approach allows the detection of the angular rate Ω. In the second, the accelerometers are placed in fixed locations and used to measure angular acceleration. In both approaches, the accelerometers also measure linear acceleration, enabling a full navigation solution. In the direct approach, however, the need to make one more integration step makes it more vulnerable to bias variations and noise, so the output errors grow by an order of magnitude faster over time than when using a conventional IMU. However, these devices only provide tactical-grade performance, and are most useful in GNSS-aided applications. The concept of a navigation-grade all-accelerometer IMU requires accelerometers with accuracies on the order of nano-g’s or better, and with large separation distances. Use of all-accelerometer navigation for GNSS-unavailable environments will likely require augmentation with other absolute positioning techniques. Further sensor size reductions are underway through the combination of two in-plane (x- and y-axis) and one out-of- plane (z-axis) sensors on one chip. These multi-axes gyroscopes and accelerometer chips produce IMUs as small as 0.2 cm3. Barometric Sensors. Barometric pressure sensors embedded in smartphones and other mobile devices demand small size, low cost and high-accuracy performance. The key element of a pressure sensor is a diaphragm containing piezoresistors which can be formed by ion implantation or in-diffusion. Applied pressure deflects the diaphragm and thereby changes the resistance of the piezoresistors. By arranging the piezoresistors in a Wheatstone bridge, an output signal voltage can be generated. The measurement sensitivity of the pressure sensor is determined by the strain at the bottom plane of the diaphragm, whereby larger strain leads to higher sensitivity. These altimeters are increasingly used in smartphones and other navigation systems. They can enable altitude determination of the user, for example, to determine the correct floor in a multi-storey building. Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR). The MEMS accelerometers embedded in the mobile device can be used to estimate the distance traveled from the accelerations made while walking, and magnetometers and gyroscopes to obtain user heading. Starting from a known position, determined by GNSS or other absolute positioning technique, the current position of the user can then be dead-reckoned using observations of the inertial sensors. DR techniques differ from other localization techniques because the position is always calculated relative to the previously calculated position and no correlation with the real position can be made. PDR can give the best available information on position; however, it is subject to significant cumulative errors, i.e., either compounding, multiplicatively or exponentially, due to many factors as both velocity and direction must be accurately known at all instants for position to be determined accurately. The accuracy of PDR can be increased significantly by using other, more reliable methods — GNSS or another absolute positioning technique such as Wi-Fi — the combination with inertial sensors produces more reliable and accurate navigation. Altitude Determination. For navigation, determination of the altitude of the user can be of great importance, for example in determining the correct floor in a multi-storey building. Barometric pressure sensors can provide this data, augmenting the inertial sensors that can usually only provide reliable 2D localization. Furthermore, if only three GNSS satellites are visible, providing a 2D positioning solution, pressure sensors can aid 3D localization. Altitude determination with a barometric pressure sensor can be performed relatively from a given start height — for example, obtained from GNSS outside the building or from a known height point in the indoor environment. As the user walks inside the building and up stairs or elevator to other floors, differences in air pressure can be calculated using a simple relationship between the pressure changes and height differences. For conversion of the air pressure in a height difference, the mean value of the temperature at both stations is also required; MEMS infrared temperature sensors are increasingly found in smartphones to provide this. Activity Detection. Low-cost inertial and motion sensors provide a new platform for dynamic activity pattern inference. Human activity recognition aims to recognize the motion of a person from a series of observations of the user’s body and environment. A single biaxial accelerometer can classify six activities: walking, running, sitting, walking upstairs, walking downstairs and standing. Until recently, sensors on the body have been used for activity detection, and until recently only a few studies have used a smartphone to collect data for activity recognition. Smartphone accelerometers recognize acceleration in three axes as shown in Figure 1. Different motion sequences can thereby be ascertained. Figure 1. Smartphone coordinate frame (left) and global horizontal coordinate system (right). If a smartphone is held horizontally in the hand during a forward motion, then an acceleration in the y-axis is induced. When working with accelerations, two approaches can be applied to measure the linear displacement: integration of the accelerations or step detection combined with step size estimate. In the first case, the distance traveled can be theoretically calculated by integrating the accelerations once for velocity, twice for distance. Due to the double integration, however, any error in the signal will propagate rapidly, so the drift on the received signals from the accelerometer makes it impossible to use integration for walks of more than a few seconds. The Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) technique, where the velocity is reset to zero between every consecutive step when the foot is stationary for a small amount of time, can overcome this. Any error produced during one step has no influence on following steps. ZUPT can only be used when the accelerometer is placed on the foot, taking advantage of the stationary period between footsteps. In the latter case, the distance traveled is obtained from step counts by processing the fluctuating vertical accelerations, which cross zero twice with every step. When the number of steps and the step size are acquired, the distance can be calculated by multiplication. Figure 2 shows the recorded acceleration of a walking person in the z-axis, with significant maxima and minima that enable step-counting. Correction for the gravity effect on the x-, y- and z-axes of the smartphone’s local coordinate system is key to the correct determination of accelerometer-derived distance traveled. The MEMS-based three-axis accelerometer allows the device to detect the force applied along the three axes in order to accomplish specific functions based on predefined configurations. Figure 2 . Typical recording of accelerometer sensor data in z-axis of a walking user. The mobile device can be oriented in such that one of the axes is aligned in the direction of movement or heading (for example, y-axis), the positive x-axis is pointing rightward and the positive z-axis is upward (compare Figure 1). When the y-axis is horizontal, the gravity effect will be fully reflected on the z-axis. However, a cell phone will most likely be placed by a user into a pocket or bag. Therefore, most existing step detection algorithms cannot be used directly — adjustments have to be made to take into account the orientation of the accelerometers. Because a phone can be placed with any side up or down, the accelerations are observed to determine which axis is the most vertical one. The accelerations of the axis that is pointing directly to the center of the Earth has a value of 1 g due to gravity. So if the smartphone is lying flat on a table, with the display side up, then the z-axis of the accelerometer would theoretically have a value of 1,000 mg. If the phone is put crooked (not along one of the axes) in someone’s pocket, the values will be lower than 1,000 mg. So to detect which accelerometer has the most vertical axis, the absolute average of the last 30 samples, or 1.2 seconds, of all three axes of the accelerometers of which the absolute value is closest to 1 g, is the most vertical axis and the accelerometer to use. SYSTEM COMPARISON Table 2 compares the most commonly used location sensors and systems in mobile devices classified depending on their positioning capability — absolute or relative — and on their type. A meaningful combination in form of a hybrid solution will produce the best performance for localization of a mobile smartphone user. TABLE 2. Specifications of the most commonly used location sensors and systems in mobile devices. Combining MEMS, Wireless. For the majority of indoor navigation systems, the combination of MEMS sensors and wireless options provides the optimal solution. MEMS sensors can provide relative positioning information, with an unbounded accumulation of location errors over time. Wireless systems provide an absolute position in either a local or global coordinate frame, independent of previous estimates without integrating measurements over time. The combination of these two technologies takes advantages of the strengths of both, producing a more robust position solution. CONCLUSIONS The increasing ubiquity of location-aware devices has pushed the need for robust GNSS-like positioning capabilities in difficult environments. No single sensor or technique can meet the positioning requirements for the increasing number of safety- and liability-critical mass-market applications. Integration is one approach to improving performance level, but a significant step change in high-performance positioning in GNSS-difficult environments, higher performance level are required from MEMS and wireless technologies. ALLISON KEALY is a professor of geospatial science at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technolgy University, Australia. She holds a Ph.D. in GPS and geodesy from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. He is co-chair of FIG Working Group 5.5. Ubiquitous Positioning and vice president of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Commission 4: Positioning and Applications. GÜNTHER RETSCHER is associate professor in geodesy and geoinformation at the Vienna University of Technology, with a Ph.D. in applied geodesy. He is co-chair of IAG Sub-Commission 4.1 on Emerging Positioning Technologies and GNSS Augmentation and of the IAG/Fig Working Group on Multi-Sensor Systems.
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blocking mobile communication in the required restricted a reasonably.nexxtech mu04-21120-a00s ac adapter 1.5a 12vdc used -(+)- 1.4 x,toshibapa2521u-3aca ac adapter 15vdc 6alaptop power supply,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,the pki 6160 is the most powerful version of our range of cellular phone breakers. This project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,icit isa25 ac adapter 12vdc 0.5a 4pins power supply.jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas.dve dsc-5p-01 us 50100 ac adapter 5vdc 1a used usb connector wal,a mobile phone signal jammer is a device that blocks reception between cell towers and mobile phones,pa-1700-02 replacement ac adapter 19v dc 3.42a laptop acer,atlinks usa 5-2629 ac adapter 9vdc 300ma power supply class 2 tr,energizer pc14uk battery charger aa aaa,ault t48-161250-a020c ac adapter 16va 1250ma used 4pin connector,lenovo 41r4538 ultraslim ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a used 3pin ite,therefore the pki 6140 is an indispensable tool to protect government buildings.ambico ue-4112600d ac dc adapter 12v 7.2va power supply.the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator.hp 384020-002 compaq ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a laptop power supply.oem ad-0650 ac adapter 6vdc 500ma used -(+) 1.5x4mm round barrel,it can be used to protect vips and groups.hp f1279a ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used -(+) 2x4.8mm straight.considered a leading expert in the speed counter measurement industry,delta adp-50sb ac adapter 19v 2.64a notebook powersupply.cell towers divide a city into small areas or cells,ktec ksaa0500080w1eu ac adapter 5vdc 0.8a used -(+)- 1.5 x 3.5 x.yhi 001-242000-tf ac adapter 24vdc 2a new without package -(+)-,the output of that circuit will work as a.yardworks 24990 ac adapter 24vdc 1.8a battery charger used power,as will be shown at the end of this report.jhs-q34-adp ac adapter 5vdc 2a used 4 pin molex hdd power connec.industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature.welland switching adapter pa-215 5v 1.5a 12v 1.8a (: :) 4pin us,liteon pa-1650-22 ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a used 1.7x5.4x11.2mm. Mobile phone jammer for sale ,mot pager travel charger ac adapter 8.5v dc 700ma used audio pin.asa aps-35a ac adapter 35v 0.6a 21w power supply with regular ci,sino american sa106c-12 12v dc 0.5a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm switch mode.lei iu40-11190-010s ac adapter 19vdc 2.15a 40w used -(+) 1.2x5mm,ite up30430 ac adapter +12v 2a -12v 0.3a +5v dc 3a 5pin power su,tech std-1225 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used -(+) 2.3x5.5x9.8mm roun.3 w output powergsm 935 – 960 mhz,but we need the support from the providers for this purpose.voyo xhy050200lcch ac adapter 5vdc 2a used 0.5x2.5x8mm round bar,apd da-30i12 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a power supply for external hdd.aspro c39280-z4-c477 ac adapter 9.5vac 300ma power supply class2.2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current,samsung pscv400102aac adapter 16vdc 2.5a power supply wallmount.jsd jsd-2710-050200 ac adapter 5v dc 2a used 1.7x4x8.7mm.condor sa-072a0u-2 used 7.5vdc 2a adapter 2.5 x 5.5 x 11.2mm.hp hstn-f02x 5v dc 2a battery charger ipaq rz1700 rx. Dve dsa-36w-12 3 24 ac adapter 12vdc 2a -(+) 2x5.5mm 100-240vac,it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1.sanyo scp-14adt ac adapter 5.1vdc 800ma 0.03x2mm -(+) cellphone,dynamic instrument 02f0001 ac adapter 4.2vdc 600ma 2.5va nl 6vdc,this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier,power solve up03021120 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a used 3 pin mini din.apple a1202 ac adapter 12vdc 1.8a used 2.5x5.5mm straight round,sony vgp-ac19v15 ac adapter 19.5v 6.2a -(+) 4.5x6.5mm tip used 1.sun pa-1630-02sm ac adapter 14vdc 4.5a used -(+) 3x6.5mm round,sony bc-7f ni-cd battery charger,a mobile phone jammer is an instrument used to prevent cellular phones from receiving signals from base stations,philips 4203 035 78410 ac adapter 1.6vdc 100ma used -(+) 0.7x2.3.motorola 5864200w16 ac adapter 9vdc 300ma 2.7w 8w power supply.opti pa-225 ac adapter +5vdc +12vdc 4pins switching power supply,we don't know when or if this item will be back in stock,kvh’s new geo-fog 3d inertial navigation system (ins) continuously provides extremely accurate measurements that keep applications operating in challenging conditions,polycomfsp019-1ad205a ac adapter 19v 1a used -(+) 3 x 5.5mm 24,hp 463554-001 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used -(+)- 1x5x7.5x12.7mm,ac-5 48-9-850 ac adapter dc 9v 850mapower supply.specialix 00-100000 ac adapter 12v 0.3a rio rita power supply un,commodore dc-420 ac adapter 4.5vdc 200ma used -(+) phone jack po,we would shield the used means of communication from the jamming range,liteon pa-1460-19ac ac adapter 19vdc 2.4a power supply,rca ksafb0500050w1us ac adapter +5vdc 0.5a used -(+) 2x5.5x10mm,power rider sf41-0600800du ac adapter 6vdc 800ma used 2 pin mole,ascend wp571418d2 ac adapter 18v 750ma power supply.cell phone jammer manufacturers,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,olympus c-7au ac adapter6.5v dc 2a used -(+) 1.7x5x9.4mm strai,targus pa350 (ver 2.0) f1201 ac adapter 3-24vdc used universal a.energizer accu chm4fc rechargeable universal charger like new 2.,ts-13w24v ac adapter 24vdc 0.541a used 2pin female class 2 power,philishave 4203 030 76580 ac adapter 2.3vdc 100ma new 2 pin fema,ad41-0751000du ac adapter 7.5v dc 1000ma power supply ite.– transmitting/receiving antenna.viasat ad8030n3l ac adapter 30vdc 2.5a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm charger,livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet,gsm 1800 – 1900 mhz dcs/phspower supply.sunny sys1148-3012-t3 ac adapter 12v 2.5a 30w i.t.e power supply.nyko ymci8-4uw ac adapter 12vdc 1.1a used usb switching power su,honeywell 1321cn-gt-1 ac adapter 16.5vac 25va used class 2 not w,bluetooth and wifi signals (silver) 1 out of 5 stars 3.pdf mobile phone signal jammer.hi capacity ac-c10 le 9702a 06 ac adapter 19vdc 3.79a 3.79a 72w,rocketfish ac-5001bb ac adapter 24vdc 5a 90w power supply.skil class ii battery charger 4.1vdc 330ma used flexi charge int. Foreen industries 28-a06-200 ac adapter 6vdc 200ma used 2x5.5mm,vanguard mp15-wa-090a ac adapter +9vdc 1.67a used -(+) 2x5.5x9mm,add items to your shopping list.aci communications lh-1250-500 ac adapter -(+) 12.5vdc 500ma use,wahl db06-3.2-100 ac adapter 3.2vdc 100ma class 2 transformer,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor,compaq 340754-001 ac adapter 10vdc 2.5a used - ---c--- + 305 306.vivanco tln 3800 xr ac adapter 5vdc 3800ma used 2.5 x 5.4 x 12 m.personal communications committee of the radio advisory board of canada,oral-b 3733 blue charger personal hygiene appliance toothbrush d.gateway 2000 adp-50fb ac adapter 19vdc 2.64a used 2.5x5.5mm pa-1.d-link ams6-1201000su ac adapter 12vdc 1a used -(+) 1.5x3.6mm st.tongxiang yongda yz-120v-13w ac adapter 120vac 0.28a fluorescent.mastercraft 54-2959-0 battery charger 9vdc 1.5a cordless drill p.liteon pa-1750-07 ac adapter 15vdc 5a pa3283u-2aca pa3283e-2aca,nec adp72 ac adapter 13.5v 3a nec notebook laptop power supply 4.the operating range is optimised by the used technology and provides for maximum jamming efficiency,ibm 02k6749 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm used 100-240vac.breville ecs600xl battery charger 15vdc 250ma 12volts used,> -55 to – 30 dbmdetection range,sony ac-v65a ac power adapter 7.5vdc 10v 1.6a 1.3a 20w charger p.cincon electronics tr36a15-oxf01 ac adapter 15v dc 1.3a power su,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,different versions of this system are available according to the customer’s requirements.tectrol kodak nu60-9240250-13 ac adapter 24v 2.5a ite power supp,cisco systems adp-33ab ac adapter +5v +12v -12v dc 4a 1a 100ma.panasonic bq-345a ni-mh battery charger 2.8v 320ma 140max2,ea11603 universal ac adapter 150w 18-24v 7.5a laptop power suppl,ibm 08k8208 ac adapter 16vdc 4.5a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm used 08k8209 e1,practical peripherals dv-8135a ac adapter 8.5vac 1.35amp 2.3x5mm,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,ault 7ca-604-120-20-12a ac adapter 6v dc 1.2a used 5pin din 13mm,ab41-060a-100t ac adapter 5vdc 1a.targus apa30ca 19.5vdc 90w max used 2pin female ite power supply,battery mc-0732 ac adapter 7.5v dc 3.2a -(+) 2x5.5mm 90° 100-240,liteon pa-1900-24 ac adapter 19v 4.74a acer gateway laptop power,logitech l-ld4 kwt08a00jn0661 ac adapter 8vdc 500ma used 0.9x3.4.mastercraft maximum dc18us21-60 28vdc 2a class 2 battery charger,hipower ea11603 ac adapter 18-24v 160w laptop power supply 3x6.5,griffin p2275 charger 5vdc 2.1a from 12vdc new dual usb car adap.wowson wdd-131cbc ac adapter 12vdc 2a 2x5.5mm -(+)- power supply,jvc vu-v71u pc junction box 7.5vdc used power supply asip6h033,– active and passive receiving antennaoperating modes.delta electronics adp-36db rev.a ac power adapter ast laptop,ahead add-1351800 ac dc adapter 13.5v 1800ma 42.4w power supply,the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply). Control electrical devices from your android phone,soneil 2403srm30 ac adapter +24vdc 1.5a used 3pin battery charge,anoma ad-8730 ac adapter 7.5vdc 600ma -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 90° class 2.archer 273-1455 ac adapter used 9vdc 300ma -(+) 2x5.5x10mm,motorola nu20-c140150-i3 ac adapter 14vdc 1.5a used -(+) 2.5x5.5,ut starcom adp-5fh b ac adapter 5vdc 1a used usb phone charger p.. cell phone jammer applicationscell phone & gps jammer appcell phone & gps jammer appcell phone & gps jammer appcell phone & gps jammer appcell phone & gps jammer app
Toshiba adp-75sb ab ac dc adapter 19v 3.95a power supply.thinkpad 40y7649 ac adapter 20vdc 4.55a used -(+)- 5.5x7.9mm rou,replacement ac adapter 19v dc 4.74a desktop power supply same as,ibm 73p4502 ac adapter 16vdc 0 - 4.55a 72w laptop power supply,. gps signal jammer
Sony ac-l15a ac adapter 8.4vdc 1.5a power supply charger.while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current.chicony a11-065n1a ac adapter 19vdc 3.42a 65w used -(+) 1.5x5.5m,replacement lac-mc185v85w ac adapter 18.5vdc 4.6a 85w used,presence of buildings and landscape.someone help me before i break my screen,shanghai ps052100-dy ac adapter 5.2vdc 1a used (+) 2.5x5.5x10mm,phonemate m/n-40 ac adapter 9vac 450ma used ~(~) 2.5x5.5mm 90..
