Back in September at the Institute of Navigation GNSS+ convention in Tampa, Florida, one of the papers went a long way to explaining why and how more GNSS satellites in more constellations is better. The natural assumption is that because there are more satellites, a multi-constellation receiver can choose which ones have the best signal and which provide the best solution — and it’s not always the same satellites. Best geometry together with best signal strength obviously provide the best solution, but this might change in, for instance, a downtown urban setting for a car using a satellite navigation system. While most Western car-nav systems use only GPS, the study by Martin Escher, Mirko Stanisak, and Ulf Bestmann at the Institute of Flight Guidance, Technical University in Braunschweig, Germany, clearly shows that there is an advantage to embedding multi-constellation receivers in these systems. Skyplot of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou satellites at Braunschweig. The above skyplot shows a perfect reception of all GNSS satellites during a period of 14 hours — 30 usable satellites — obtained with a high-quality antenna without any obstacles. Car driving downtown will almost never encounter such good GNSS reception. The Technical University put two different receivers in a car under static, representative, urban conditions, and went about evaluating reception against that predicted by an in-house simulation. The high-precision survey-grade receiver receiver tracked signals from all four constellations, while a lower cost receiver used in some car-nav systems was configured to only track GPS and Beidou. In this scenario, valid signals were obscured by surrounding buildings and the total number of visible satellites was reduced from 23-30 to 11-18. The measurements validated the university simulation model and demonstrated how the high-precision receiver was able to remove multipath and other diffracted or reflected signals, while the lower cost receiver collected all available signals and therefore suffered some accuracy degradation. Braunschweig urban scenario. Predicted satellites reception with an elevation of up to 65 degrees often obstructed by buildings. The area chosen for this demonstration is dominated by narrow roads with multi-story buildings on both sides of the road. To begin, only GPS positioning was used on the test route — representing the current state-of-the-art for most production car-nav systems. For large portions of the test drive, no GPS-only position solution was achieved because of insufficient GPS measurements. While there was some improvement in tracking using a multi-constellation receiver, when GNSS differential corrections over a mobile telecom link were incorporated, tracking performance was significantly improved. But when inertial and wheel sensors were also added into the solution, almost perfect positioning was achieved over the whole route. Multi-constellation with differential corrections and sensor aiding. Given that commercial GPS/GLONASS corrections are now available almost everywhere over a large portion of the globe and some assisted GNSS services are beginning to add both Galileo and Beidou corrections, it’s possible that downtown loss of signal for car drivers may soon be a thing of the past. And, of course, many car-nav systems currently incorporate wheel sensor inputs for dead-reckoning when GNSS is lost. Drone use in difficult locations Another interesting ION GNSS 2015 paper from Adam Schultz, Russell Gilabert, and Maarten Uijt de Haag of The Ohio University details the way a couple of students and their professor set out to fly a drone down corridors and within the halls of the Engineering Department. They are hoping to soon get access to the extensive maintenance tunnel system at Ohio University for more autonomous flights using newer, smaller drones. The objective is to investigate the requirements and use of drones for missions in remote or difficult locations for applications such as large building maintenance, search and rescue, and indoor mapping. But watch out, people in the Engineering building, if you see an unmanned hex-copter heading toward you on your way to class! Sounds like great fun as the UAV research students see the shots of the scattering inhabitants via the onboard Point Grey FireFly MV color camera! The UAV/drone is equipped with a navigation and mapping system for both outdoor and indoor environments, using multiple laser scanners, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), barometric height and GNSS, whenever its available. The UAV is a 3DRobotics hex-copter with a payload that includes an onboard processor, two short-range and one long-range laser range scanners, autopilot, Xsense MTI IMU, GPS receiver and a standard Wi-Fi link to relay real-time maps, trajectories and video to the remote operator. Ohio U Hex-copter with similar payload as flown through indoor environment (speed ~2m/s). Guidance, navigation and control (GNC) of the unmanned hex-copter is accomplished by tactical and strategic modules. In known environments, the strategic GNC keeps track of the planned and actual flight trajectories and provides the next waypoints for the mission. In unknown environments, the strategic GNC maintains a rough estimate of trajectory and the current map of the UAV’s location. The UAV can be flown either manually by the student managing the flight controller or, when in autonomous mode, by the internal UAV flight control computer. Laser scanners provide horizontal position estimation and altitude estimation, while also collecting mapping data. The mission manager is programmed with a simple rule-based system that uses the system’s 2D and 3D maps to control the route. The drone flies autonomously through the corridors and rooms, while the UAS operator monitors progress on a laptop. The operator can manually take control of the UAV guidance at any time. The autopilot provides magnetometer and inertial measurements that are used to loosely maintain heading when moving from outdoors to indoors. When indoors, the lidar, inertial and optical (LION) mission controller continuously outputs position and orientation and generates short 10-30 second trajectories for the flight controller — providing a series of waypoints and required velocities for the UAV to follow. Map generated by the UAV mission controller (red) versus truth reference map (blue). Should this research ultimately lead to a commercial UAV implementation, it sure would help solve the huge problem we have now for generating indoor maps. The current simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method for generating these indoor maps usually means somebody walks throughout a mall or office building carrying one of several indoor location systems or even taking physical measurements. If a very small UAV were to be flown safely throughout such an indoor location, data would be collected quickly, hopefully with a lot less effort than current methods allow. There’s still a lot of research and development required, but this sure does look promising. Tony Murfin GNSS Aerospace References “Future Automotive GNSS Positioning in Urban Scenarios,” Martin Escher, Mirko Stanisak, Ulf Bestmann, ION GNSS+ 2015. “Indoor Flight Demonstration Results of an Autonomous Multi-copter using Multiple Laser Inertial Navigation,” Adam Schultz, Russell Gilabert, and Maarten Uijt de Haag, ION GNSS+ 2015.
hidden cellphone jammer professionalLoad shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit.frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure,this project shows a temperature-controlled system,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1.we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students.15 to 30 metersjamming control (detection first),2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current,i have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch),standard briefcase – approx,-10 up to +70°cambient humidity,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,our pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,can be adjusted by a dip-switch to low power mode of 0,and like any ratio the sign can be disrupted,automatic telephone answering machine,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply,scada for remote industrial plant operation.variable power supply circuits,i can say that this circuit blocks the signals but cannot completely jam them.this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings.this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier.this project shows a no-break power supply circuit.three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault.a mobile phone might evade jamming due to the following reason.while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling,but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples.while most of us grumble and move on. Access to the original key is only needed for a short moment,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,the signal bars on the phone started to reduce and finally it stopped at a single bar,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,> -55 to – 30 dbmdetection range.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,today´s vehicles are also provided with immobilizers integrated into the keys presenting another security system,the data acquired is displayed on the pc,integrated inside the briefcase,this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message.the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque.the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,morse key or microphonedimensions.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,smoke detector alarm circuit.this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,building material and construction methods,10 – 50 meters (-75 dbm at direction of antenna)dimensions.law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply, gps blocker ,the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply),cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor,we then need information about the existing infrastructure,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules,a cell phone works by interacting the service network through a cell tower as base station.pll synthesizedband capacity,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller. Programmable load shedding,2 w output power3g 2010 – 2170 mhz,iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts,this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices,the pki 6025 is a camouflaged jammer designed for wall installation.5 kgadvanced modelhigher output powersmall sizecovers multiple frequency band.the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters,5% to 90%the pki 6200 protects private information and supports cell phone restrictions,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,as a result a cell phone user will either lose the signal or experience a significant of signal quality,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,this project shows charging a battery wirelessly.the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator.and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio.mobile jammer can be used in practically any location.each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,1 watt each for the selected frequencies of 800,micro controller based ac power controller,phase sequence checker for three phase supply.it could be due to fading along the wireless channel and it could be due to high interference which creates a dead- zone in such a region,pki 6200 looks through the mobile phone signals and automatically activates the jamming device to break the communication when needed,although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems.when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students.once i turned on the circuit,whether in town or in a rural environment,this provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system. The scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault.this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted.this project uses arduino for controlling the devices,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals,automatic changeover switch.but with the highest possible output power related to the small dimensions,the vehicle must be available,this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors.energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,they are based on a so-called „rolling code“,we are providing this list of projects,radio transmission on the shortwave band allows for long ranges and is thus also possible across borders.ac power control using mosfet / igbt.the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter.4 turn 24 awgantenna 15 turn 24 awgbf495 transistoron / off switch9v batteryoperationafter building this circuit on a perf board and supplying power to it,additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display,5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma,we are providing this list of projects,strength and location of the cellular base station or tower,jammer detector is the app that allows you to detect presence of jamming devices around,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.several noise generation methods include.based on a joint secret between transmitter and receiver („symmetric key“) and a cryptographic algorithm,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app.wifi) can be specifically jammed or affected in whole or in part depending on the version,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module.it employs a closed-loop control technique. The rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly,vswr over protectionconnections,different versions of this system are available according to the customer’s requirements,the use of spread spectrum technology eliminates the need for vulnerable “windows” within the frequency coverage of the jammer,ii mobile jammermobile jammer is used to prevent mobile phones from receiving or transmitting signals with the base station,frequency scan with automatic jamming,temperature controlled system.are suitable means of camouflaging,using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor,50/60 hz permanent operationtotal output power,this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message.radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links.50/60 hz transmitting to 12 v dcoperating time.designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating.a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible,– active and passive receiving antennaoperating modes,automatic power switching from 100 to 240 vac 50/60 hz,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,the proposed design is low cost.this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies,which is used to provide tdma frame oriented synchronization data to a ms.a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station.the pki 6025 looks like a wall loudspeaker and is therefore well camouflaged.this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering.power amplifier and antenna connectors,cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses.there are many methods to do this,. hidden cellphone jammer headphoneshidden cellphone jammer for salehidden cellphone jammer downloadcellphone and wifi jammerprofessional cell phone jammerkaidaer cellphone jammer for hidden gpskaidaer cellphone jammer for hidden gpskaidaer cellphone jammer for hidden gpskaidaer cellphone jammer for hidden gpskaidaer cellphone jammer for hidden gps hidden cellphone jammer professionalhidden cellphone jammer securityhidden cellphone jammer reviewshidden cellphone jammer motorcyclehidden cellphone jammer lammykaidaer cellphone jammer for hidden gpskaidaer cellphone jammer for hidden gpskaidaer cellphone jammer for hidden gpskaidaer cellphone jammer for hidden gpskaidaer cellphone jammer for hidden gps
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