Integrations of MEMS sensors with signal conditioning and radio communications form “motes” with extremely low-cost and low-power requirements and miniaturized form factor. Now standard features in modern mobile devices, MEMS accelerometers and gyros can be combined with absolute positioning technologies, such as GNSS or other wireless technologies, for user localization. Navigation has been revolutionized by micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensor development, offering new capabilities for wireless positioning technologies and their integration into modern smartphones. These new technologies range from simple IrDA using infrared light for short-range, point-to-point communications, to wireless personal area network (WPAN) for short range, point-to multi-point communications, such as Bluetooth and ZigBee, to mid-range, multi-hop wireless local area network (WLAN, also known as wireless fidelity or Wi-Fi), to long-distance cellular phone systems, such as GSM/GPRS and CDMA. With these technologies, navigation itself has become much broader than just providing a solution to location-based services (LBS) questions, such as “Where am I?” or “How to get from start point to destination?” It has moved into new areas such as games, geolocation, mobile mapping, virtual reality, tracking, health monitoring and context awareness. MEMS sensors are now essential components of modern smartphones and tablets. Miniaturized devices and structures produced with micro-fabrication techniques, their physical dimensions range from less than 1 micrometer (μm, a millionth of a meter) to several millimeters (mm). The types of MEMS devices vary from relatively simple structures having no moving elements to complex electromechanical systems with multiple moving elements under the control of integrated microelectronics. Apart from size reduction, MEMS technology offers other benefits such as batch production and cost reduction, power (voltage) reduction, ruggedization and design flexibility, within limits. Wireless sensor technology allows MEMS sensors to be integrated with signal-conditioning and radio units to form “motes” with extremely low cost, small size and low power requirements. New miniaturized sensors and actuators based on MEMS are available on the market or in the development stage. Today’s smartphone sensors can include MEMS-based accelerometers, microphones, gyroscopes, temperature and humidity sensors, light sensors, proximity and touch sensors, image sensors, magnetometers, barometric pressure sensors and capacitive fingerprint sensors, all integrated to wireless sensor nodes. These sensors were not initially intended for navigation. For instance, accelerometers are used primarily for applications such as switching the display from landscape to portrait as well as gaming. These embedded sensors, however, are natural candidates for sensing user context. Because of their locating capabilities, people are getting used to the location-enabled life. MEMS accelerometers and gyros, for instance, can be employed for localization in combination with absolute positioning technologies, such as GNSS or other wireless technologies. WIRELESS OPTIONS IN SMARTPHONES Various wireless standards have been established. Among them, the standards for Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.11b and wireless PAN, IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) and IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) are used more widely for measurement and automation applications. All these standards use the instrumentation, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands, including the sub-GHz bands of 902–928 MHz (US), 868–870 MHz (Europe), 433.05–434.79 MHz (US and Europe) and 314–316 MHz (Japan) and the GHz bands of 2.4000-2.4835 GHz (worldwide acceptable). In general, a lower frequency allows a longer transmission range and a stronger capability to penetrate through walls and glass. However, due to the fact that radio waves with lower frequencies are more easily absorbed by materials, such as water and trees, and that radio waves with higher frequencies are easier to scatter, effective transmission distance for signals carried by a high-frequency radio wave may not necessarily be shorter than that of a lower frequency carrier at the same power rating. The 2.4-GHz band has a wider bandwidth that allows more channels and frequency hopping and permits compact antennas. Wireless Fidelity. Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) is a flexible data communication protocol implemented to extend or substitute for a wired local area network, such as Ethernet. The bandwidth of 802.11b is 11 Mbits and it operates at 2.4 GHz frequency. Originally a technology for short-range wireless data communication, it is typically deployed as an ad-hoc network in a hot-spot. Wireless networks are built by attaching an access point (AP) to the edge of a wired network. Clients communicate with the AP using a wireless network adapter similar to an Ethernet adapter. Beacon frames are transmitted in IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi for network identification, broadcasting network capabilities, synchronization and other control and management purposes. Timers of all terminals are synchronized to the AP clock by the timestamp information of the beacon frames. The IEEE 802.11 MAC (Media Access Control) protocol utilizes carrier sensing contention based on energy detection or signal quality. RSSs and MAC addresses of the APs are location-dependent information that can be adopted for positioning. For localization of a mobile device, either cell-based solutions or (tri)lateration and location fingerprinting are commonly employed. Bluetooth. A wireless protocol for short-range communication, Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) uses the 2.4-Hz, 915-MHz and 868-MHz ISM radio bands to communicate at 1 Mbit between up to eight devices. It is mainly designed to maximize the ad-hoc networking functionality (Wang et al., 2006). Compared to Wi-Fi, the gross bit rate is lower (1 Mbps), and the range is shorter (typically around 10 m). On the other hand, Bluetooth is a “lighter” standard, highly ubiquitous (embedded in most phones) and supports several other networking services in addition to IP. For positioning either tags (small size transceivers) or Bluetooth low energy (BLE) iBeacons are common. Each tag has a unique ID that can be used for localization. iBeacon is a low-energy protocol developed by Apple; compatible hardware transmitters, typically so-called beacons, broadcast their identifier to nearby portable electronic devices. The technology enables smartphones, tablets and other devices to perform actions when in close proximity to an iBeacon whereby a universally unique identifier picked up by a compatible app or operating system is transmitted. The identifier and several bytes sent with it can be used to determine the device’s physical location, track customers, or trigger an LBS action on the device such as a check-in on social media or a push notification. One application is distributing messages at a specific point of interest — for example, a store, a bus stop, a room or a more specific location like a piece of furniture or a vending machine. This is similar to previously used geopush technology based on GNSS, but with a much reduced impact on battery life and much extended precision. Another application is an indoor positioning system, which helps smartphones determine their approximate location or context. With the help of an iBeacon, a smartphone’s software can approximately find its relative location to an iBeacon. iBeacon differs from some other LBS technologies as the broadcasting device (beacon) is only a one-way transmitter to the receiving smartphone, and necessitates a specific app installed on the device to interact with the beacons. This ensures that only the installed app (not the iBeacon transmitter) can track users, potentially against their will, as they passively walk around the transmitters. Localization is based on proximity sensing and cell-based solutions. ZigBee. ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios. ZigBee operates in the ISM radio bands: 2.4 GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide, 784 MHz in China, 868 MHz in Europe and 915 MHz in the U.S. and Australia. Data rates vary from 20 kbit/s (868-MHz band) to 250 kbit/s (2.4-GHz band). It adds network, security and application software and is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Owing to its low power consumption and simple networking configuration, ZigBee is best suited for intermittent data transmissions from a sensor or input device. Applications include wireless light switches, electrical meters with in-home displays, traffic management systems and other consumer and industrial equipment that requires short-range low-rate wireless data transfer. Distances are limited to 10–100 m line-of-sight, depending on power output and environmental characteristics. ZigBee localization techniques usually use measurement of signal strength (RSS-based positioning) in conjunction with (tri)lateration and fingerprinting. COMPARING STANDARDS Table 1 compares the three wireless standards most suitable for a wireless sensor network. The standards also address the network issues for wireless sensors. Three types of networks (star, hybrid and mesh) have been developed and standardized. TABLE 1. Comparison of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and ZigBee. Bluetooth uses star networks, composed of piconets and scatternets. Each piconet connects one master node with up to seven slave nodes, whereas each scatternet connects multiple piconets, to form an ad-hoc network. ZigBee uses hybrid star networks of multiple master nodes with routing capabilities to connect slave nodes, which have no routing capability. The most efficient networking technology uses peer-to-peer mesh networks, which allow all the nodes in the network to have routing capability. Mesh networks allow autonomous nodes to self-assemble into the network and allow sensor information to propagate across the network with high reliability and over an extended range. They also allow time synchronization and low power consumption for the “listeners” in the network, thus extending battery life. When a large number of wireless sensors need to be networked, several levels of networking may be combined. For example, an IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) mesh network comprised of high-end nodes, such as gateway units, can be overlaid on a ZigBee sensor network to maintain a high level of network performance. A remote application server (RAS) can also be deployed in the field close to a localized sensor network to manage the network, to collect localized data, to host web-based applications, to remotely access the cellular network via a GSM/GPRS or a CDMA-based modem and, in turn, to access the internet and remote users. ESTIMATION METHODS The three most common position estimation methods are cell-based positioning (cell-of-origin, CoO), (tri) lateration and location fingerprinting, regarding achievable positioning accuracies as well as their advantages and disadvantages. They provide different level of accuracies ranging from dm up to tens of m. Compared to (tri)lateration and fingerprinting, the principle of operation of CoO is the most straightforward and simplest. Disadvantages range from the requirement of a large number of devices or receivers as well as their performance in dynamic environments. All these techniques provide absolute localization capabilities. Their disadvantage is that position fixes are lost if no coverage or signal availability is available. Thus, combination with other technologies to bridge loss of lock of wireless signals (for example, no GNSS reception) is required. In smartphones, motion sensors exists that can be employed for inertial navigation (IN). In this article, these sensors are also referred to as inertial sensors. In the simplest case, a position solution can be obtained from the relative measurements of the inertial sensors via dead reckoning (DR). The accelerometers, for instance, can be used by a pedestrian to count steps while walking and the gyroscope and magnetometer can provide the direction of movement. These sensors have therefore substantially won on importance for navigation solutions. MEMS LOCATION SENSORS For many navigation applications, improved accuracy and performance is not necessarily the most important issue, but meeting performance at reduced cost and size is. In particular, small navigation sensor size allows the introduction of guidance, navigation and control into applications previously considered out of reach. In this context, the small size, extreme ruggedness and potential for very low-cost and weight means of MEMS gyros and accelerometers have been, and will be, able to utilize inertial guidance systems — a situation that was unthinkable before MEMS. The reduction in size of the sensing elements, however, creates challenges for attaining good performance. In general, the performance of MEMS inertial measurement units (IMUs) continues to be limited by gyro performance, which is typically around 10 to 30 deg/h, rather than by accelerometer performance, which has demonstrated tens of micro-g or better. MEMS has struggled to reach high-accuracy tactical-grade quality. MEMS Accelerometors. MEMS accelerometers are either pendulous/displacement mass type or resonator type. The former use closed-loop capacitive sensing and electrostatic forcing while the latter are based on resonance operation. Both can detect acceleration in two primary ways: either displacement of a hinged or flexure-supported proof mass under acceleration, producing a change in a capacitive or piezoelectric readout, or frequency change of a vibrating element caused by a change in its tension induced by a change of loading from a seismic-proof mass. Pendulous types can meet a wide performance range from 1 mg for tactical systems down to 25 μg. Resonant accelerometers or VBAs can reach higher performance down to 1 μg. MEMS-Based Gyroscopes. For MEMS INS, attaining suitable gyro performance is more difficult to achieve than accelerometer performance. Fundamentally, MEMS gyros fall into four major areas: vibrating beams, vibrating plates, ring resonators and dithered accelerometers. Gyroscopes are usually built as hybrid solutions, with sensor and electronics as two separate chips. The operational principle for all vibratory gyroscopes is based on the utilization of the Coriolis force. If a mass is vibrated sinusoidally in a plane, and that plane is rotated at some angular rate Ω, then the Coriolis force causes the mass to vibrate sinusoidally perpendicular to the frame with amplitude proportional to the angular rate Ω. Measurement of the Coriolis-induced motion provides knowledge of the angular rate Ω. This rate measurement is the underlying principle of all quartz and silicon micro-machined. These gyroscopes are usually designed as an electronically driven resonator, which are often fabricated out of a single piece of quartz or silicon. The output is demodulated, amplified and digitized. Their extremely small size, combined with the strength of silicon, makes them ideal for very high-acceleration applications. For purely surface micro-mechanical gyroscopes, given their small sizes and capacitances, monolithic integration is an option to be considered not so much for cost as for performance. Combined IMUs. Further interest in all-accelerometer systems, which are also referred to as gyro-free, arises because high-performing small gyroscopes are very difficult to produce. Two approaches are typically used. In the first, the Coriolis effect is utilized. Typically, three opposing pairs of monolithic MEMS accelerometers are dithered on a vibrating structure (or rotated). This approach allows the detection of the angular rate Ω. In the second, the accelerometers are placed in fixed locations and used to measure angular acceleration. In both approaches, the accelerometers also measure linear acceleration, enabling a full navigation solution. In the direct approach, however, the need to make one more integration step makes it more vulnerable to bias variations and noise, so the output errors grow by an order of magnitude faster over time than when using a conventional IMU. However, these devices only provide tactical-grade performance, and are most useful in GNSS-aided applications. The concept of a navigation-grade all-accelerometer IMU requires accelerometers with accuracies on the order of nano-g’s or better, and with large separation distances. Use of all-accelerometer navigation for GNSS-unavailable environments will likely require augmentation with other absolute positioning techniques. Further sensor size reductions are underway through the combination of two in-plane (x- and y-axis) and one out-of- plane (z-axis) sensors on one chip. These multi-axes gyroscopes and accelerometer chips produce IMUs as small as 0.2 cm3. Barometric Sensors. Barometric pressure sensors embedded in smartphones and other mobile devices demand small size, low cost and high-accuracy performance. The key element of a pressure sensor is a diaphragm containing piezoresistors which can be formed by ion implantation or in-diffusion. Applied pressure deflects the diaphragm and thereby changes the resistance of the piezoresistors. By arranging the piezoresistors in a Wheatstone bridge, an output signal voltage can be generated. The measurement sensitivity of the pressure sensor is determined by the strain at the bottom plane of the diaphragm, whereby larger strain leads to higher sensitivity. These altimeters are increasingly used in smartphones and other navigation systems. They can enable altitude determination of the user, for example, to determine the correct floor in a multi-storey building. Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR). The MEMS accelerometers embedded in the mobile device can be used to estimate the distance traveled from the accelerations made while walking, and magnetometers and gyroscopes to obtain user heading. Starting from a known position, determined by GNSS or other absolute positioning technique, the current position of the user can then be dead-reckoned using observations of the inertial sensors. DR techniques differ from other localization techniques because the position is always calculated relative to the previously calculated position and no correlation with the real position can be made. PDR can give the best available information on position; however, it is subject to significant cumulative errors, i.e., either compounding, multiplicatively or exponentially, due to many factors as both velocity and direction must be accurately known at all instants for position to be determined accurately. The accuracy of PDR can be increased significantly by using other, more reliable methods — GNSS or another absolute positioning technique such as Wi-Fi — the combination with inertial sensors produces more reliable and accurate navigation. Altitude Determination. For navigation, determination of the altitude of the user can be of great importance, for example in determining the correct floor in a multi-storey building. Barometric pressure sensors can provide this data, augmenting the inertial sensors that can usually only provide reliable 2D localization. Furthermore, if only three GNSS satellites are visible, providing a 2D positioning solution, pressure sensors can aid 3D localization. Altitude determination with a barometric pressure sensor can be performed relatively from a given start height — for example, obtained from GNSS outside the building or from a known height point in the indoor environment. As the user walks inside the building and up stairs or elevator to other floors, differences in air pressure can be calculated using a simple relationship between the pressure changes and height differences. For conversion of the air pressure in a height difference, the mean value of the temperature at both stations is also required; MEMS infrared temperature sensors are increasingly found in smartphones to provide this. Activity Detection. Low-cost inertial and motion sensors provide a new platform for dynamic activity pattern inference. Human activity recognition aims to recognize the motion of a person from a series of observations of the user’s body and environment. A single biaxial accelerometer can classify six activities: walking, running, sitting, walking upstairs, walking downstairs and standing. Until recently, sensors on the body have been used for activity detection, and until recently only a few studies have used a smartphone to collect data for activity recognition. Smartphone accelerometers recognize acceleration in three axes as shown in Figure 1. Different motion sequences can thereby be ascertained. Figure 1. Smartphone coordinate frame (left) and global horizontal coordinate system (right). If a smartphone is held horizontally in the hand during a forward motion, then an acceleration in the y-axis is induced. When working with accelerations, two approaches can be applied to measure the linear displacement: integration of the accelerations or step detection combined with step size estimate. In the first case, the distance traveled can be theoretically calculated by integrating the accelerations once for velocity, twice for distance. Due to the double integration, however, any error in the signal will propagate rapidly, so the drift on the received signals from the accelerometer makes it impossible to use integration for walks of more than a few seconds. The Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) technique, where the velocity is reset to zero between every consecutive step when the foot is stationary for a small amount of time, can overcome this. Any error produced during one step has no influence on following steps. ZUPT can only be used when the accelerometer is placed on the foot, taking advantage of the stationary period between footsteps. In the latter case, the distance traveled is obtained from step counts by processing the fluctuating vertical accelerations, which cross zero twice with every step. When the number of steps and the step size are acquired, the distance can be calculated by multiplication. Figure 2 shows the recorded acceleration of a walking person in the z-axis, with significant maxima and minima that enable step-counting. Correction for the gravity effect on the x-, y- and z-axes of the smartphone’s local coordinate system is key to the correct determination of accelerometer-derived distance traveled. The MEMS-based three-axis accelerometer allows the device to detect the force applied along the three axes in order to accomplish specific functions based on predefined configurations. Figure 2 . Typical recording of accelerometer sensor data in z-axis of a walking user. The mobile device can be oriented in such that one of the axes is aligned in the direction of movement or heading (for example, y-axis), the positive x-axis is pointing rightward and the positive z-axis is upward (compare Figure 1). When the y-axis is horizontal, the gravity effect will be fully reflected on the z-axis. However, a cell phone will most likely be placed by a user into a pocket or bag. Therefore, most existing step detection algorithms cannot be used directly — adjustments have to be made to take into account the orientation of the accelerometers. Because a phone can be placed with any side up or down, the accelerations are observed to determine which axis is the most vertical one. The accelerations of the axis that is pointing directly to the center of the Earth has a value of 1 g due to gravity. So if the smartphone is lying flat on a table, with the display side up, then the z-axis of the accelerometer would theoretically have a value of 1,000 mg. If the phone is put crooked (not along one of the axes) in someone’s pocket, the values will be lower than 1,000 mg. So to detect which accelerometer has the most vertical axis, the absolute average of the last 30 samples, or 1.2 seconds, of all three axes of the accelerometers of which the absolute value is closest to 1 g, is the most vertical axis and the accelerometer to use. SYSTEM COMPARISON Table 2 compares the most commonly used location sensors and systems in mobile devices classified depending on their positioning capability — absolute or relative — and on their type. A meaningful combination in form of a hybrid solution will produce the best performance for localization of a mobile smartphone user. TABLE 2. Specifications of the most commonly used location sensors and systems in mobile devices. Combining MEMS, Wireless. For the majority of indoor navigation systems, the combination of MEMS sensors and wireless options provides the optimal solution. MEMS sensors can provide relative positioning information, with an unbounded accumulation of location errors over time. Wireless systems provide an absolute position in either a local or global coordinate frame, independent of previous estimates without integrating measurements over time. The combination of these two technologies takes advantages of the strengths of both, producing a more robust position solution. CONCLUSIONS The increasing ubiquity of location-aware devices has pushed the need for robust GNSS-like positioning capabilities in difficult environments. No single sensor or technique can meet the positioning requirements for the increasing number of safety- and liability-critical mass-market applications. Integration is one approach to improving performance level, but a significant step change in high-performance positioning in GNSS-difficult environments, higher performance level are required from MEMS and wireless technologies. ALLISON KEALY is a professor of geospatial science at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technolgy University, Australia. She holds a Ph.D. in GPS and geodesy from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. He is co-chair of FIG Working Group 5.5. Ubiquitous Positioning and vice president of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Commission 4: Positioning and Applications. GÜNTHER RETSCHER is associate professor in geodesy and geoinformation at the Vienna University of Technology, with a Ph.D. in applied geodesy. He is co-chair of IAG Sub-Commission 4.1 on Emerging Positioning Technologies and GNSS Augmentation and of the IAG/Fig Working Group on Multi-Sensor Systems.
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usb phone charger p,aastra m8000 ac adapter 16vac 250ma ~(~) 2.5x5.5m.ct std-1203 ac adapter -(+) 12vdc 3a used -(+) 2.5x5.4mm straigh,philips consumer v80093bk01 ac adapter 15vdc 280ma used direct w.sony ac-e351 ac adapter 3v 300ma power supply with sony bca-35e.the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,a mobile device to help immobilize,24vac-40va ac adapter 24vac 1670ma shilded wire used power suppl,rova dsc-6pfa-12 fus 090060 ac adapter +9vdc 0.6a used power sup,it can be used to protect vips and groups,condor wp05120i ac adapter 12v dc 500ma power supply,macvision fj-t22-1202000v ac adapter 12vdc 2000ma used 1.5 x 4 x,honor ads-7.fn-06 05008gpcu ac adapter 5v 1.5a switching power,st-c-070-19000342ct replacement ac adapter 19v dc 3.42a acer lap.samsung sad1212 ac adapter 12vdc 1a used-(+) 1.5x4x9mm power sup,delta adp-5fh c ac adapter 5.15v 1a power supply euorope.gf np12-1s0523ac adapter5v dc 2.3a new -(+) 2x5.5x9.4 straig. Premium power ea1060b ac adapter 18.5v 3.5a compaq laptop power.intermec ea10722 ac adapter 15-24v 4.3a -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 75w i.t.e,pihsiang 4c24080 ac adapter 24vdc 8a 192w used 3pin battery char,hipro hp-o2040d43 ac adapter 12vdc 3.33a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 90,s15af125120 ac adapter 12.5vdc 1200ma used -(+) 2x5.5x11mm rou,radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links.sanyo js-12050-2c ac adapter 12vdc 5a used 4pin din class 2 powe,oem ad-0930m ac adapter 9vdc 300ma -(+)- 2x5.5mm 120vac plug in,sony pcga-ac16v6 ac adapter 16vdc 4a used 1x4.5x6.5mm tip 100-24,ad35-03006 ac adapter 3vdc 200ma 22w i t e power supply,blueant ssc-5w-05 050050 ac adapter 5v 500ma used usb switching,sharp uadp-0165gezz battery charger 6vdc 2a used ac adapter can,the rft comprises an in build voltage controlled oscillator.redline tr 48 12v dc 2.2a power supply out 2000v 15ma for quest_.mobile jammerbyranavasiya mehul10bit047department of computer science and engineeringinstitute of technologynirma universityahmedabad-382481april 2013,us robotics dv-9750-5 ac adapter 9.2vac 700ma used 2.5x 5.5mm ro.sharp ea-65a ac adapter 6vdc 300ma used +(-) 2x5.5x9.6mm round b,minolta ac-9 ac-9a ac adapter 4.2vdc 1.5a -(+) 1.5x4mm 100-240va,phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power.motorola fmp5334a ac adapter 5v 560ma used micro usb.iso kpa-060f 60w ac adapter 12vdc 5a used -(+) 2.1x5.5mm round b,they are based on a so-called „rolling code“,group west 3a-251dn12 ac adapter 12vdc 2a -(+) used2.5x5.5mm r.welland switching adapter pa-215 5v 1.5a 12v 1.8a (: :) 4pin us,black & decker 143028-05 ac adapter 8.5vac 1.35amp used 3x14.3mm,polycom sps-12a-015 ac adapter 24vdc 500ma used 2.3 x 5.3 x 9.5,vipesse a0165622 12-24vdc 800ma used battery charger super long,seidio bcsi5-bk usb ac multi function adapter usb 5vdc 1a used b.acbel ad7043 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used -(+)- 2.7 x 5.4 x 90 de.hp compaq ppp012d-s ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used -(+) round barre.ryobi 140237023 18.0v 19vdc 2.2a 1423701 cordless drill battery,the proposed design is low cost.gateway liteon pa-1900-04 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a 90w used 2.5x5..ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,phihong psa31u-120 ac adapter 12vdc 2.5a -(+) 2x5.5mm used barre,listen to music from jammerbag ’s library (36,as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower,analog vision puae602 ac adapter 5v 12vdc 2a 5pin 9mm mini din p.hp hp-ok65b13 ac adapter 18.5vdc 3.5a used -(+) 1.5x4.7x11mm rou.targus 800-0111-001 a ac adapter 15-24vdc 65w power supply,personal communications committee of the radio advisory board of canada,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals.kyocera txtvl0c01 ac adapter 4.5v 1.5a travel phone charger 2235.silicore d41w090500-24/1 ac adapter 9vdc 500ma used -(+) 2.5x5.5,battery charger for hitachi dvd cam dz-bx35a dz-acs3 ac new one.ktec ksafc0500150w1us ac adapter 5vdc 1.5a -(+) 2.1x5.5mm used c.mastercraft 5104-14-2 (uc) battery charger 17.9vdc 600ma class 2,sanyo 51a-2846 ac adapter used +(-) 9vdc 150ma 90degree round ba,acbel api3ad03 ac adapter 19v dc 3.42a toshiba laptop power supp,ibm thinkpad 73p4502 ac dc auto combo adapter 16v 4.55a 72w,finecom ac adpter 9vdc 4a 100-240vac new,laser jammers are active and can prevent a cop’s laser gun from determining your speed for a set period of time,apple a10003 ipod ac adapter 12vdc 1a used class 2 power supply,targus tg-ucc smart universal lithium-ion battery charger 4.2v o,anam ap1211-uv ac adapter 15vdc 800ma power supply,southwestern bell freedom phone 9a200u-28 ac adapter 9vac 200ma, Mobile phone jammer for sale ,when they are combined together.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors.jabra ssa-5w-09 us 075065f ac adapter 7.5vdc 650ma used sil .7x2. Tc98a 4.5-9.5v dc max 800ma used travel charger power supply,compaq ppp003s ac adapter 18.5vdc 2.7a -(+) 1.5x4.75cm 100-240va,ktec ksaff1200200w1us ac adapter 12vdc 2a used -(+)- 2x5.3x10mm,and frequency-hopping sequences,basler electric be116230aab 0021 ac adapter 5v 30va plug-in clas.increase the generator's volume to play louder than.aparalo electric 690-10931 ac adapter 9vdc 700ma 6.3w used -(+),ault p57241000k030g ac adapter 24vdc 1a -(+) 1x3.5mm 50va power,finecom api3ad14 19vdc 6.3a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm pa-1121-02 lite,nec adp-90yb c ac adapter 19v dc 4.74a power supply,iona ad-1214-cs ac adapter 12vdc 140ma used 90° class 2 power su,phihong psa18r-120p ac adapter 12vdc 1.5a 5.5x2.1mm 2prong us.unifive ul305-0610 ac adapter 6vdc 1a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm ite po.apx sp20905qr ac adapter 5vdc 4a 20w used 4pin 9mm din ite power.apple m4896 ac dc adapter 24v 1.87a power supply apple g3 1400c,military/insurgency communication jamming.sony pcga-acx1 ac adapter 19.5vdc 2.15a notebook power supply.dell aa90pm111 ac adapter 19.5v dc 4.62a used 1x5x5.2mm-(+)-,commercial 9 v block batterythe pki 6400 eod convoy jammer is a broadband barrage type jamming system designed for vip,hipro hp-a0501r3d1 ac adapter 12vdc 4.16a used 2x5.5x11.2mm,lenovo 92p1105 ac dc adapter 20v 4.5a 90w laptop power supply,m2297p ac car adapter phone charger used 0.6x3.1x7.9cm 90°right,canon cb-2lu battery charger wall plug-in 4.2v 0.7a i.t.e. power.ridgid r86049 12vdc battery charger for drill impact driver cord,a&d tb-233 ac adapter 6v dc 500ma used -(+) 2x5.5mm barrel 120va,bionx sa190b-24u ac adapter 26vdc 3.45a -(+)- 89.7w charger ite,one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes.canon k30327 ac adapter 32vdc 24vdc triple voltage power supply,wacom aec-3512b class 2 transformer ac adatper 12vdc 200ma strai,integrated inside the briefcase,lenovo 42t4434 ac adapter 20vdc 4.5a new -(+) 5.1x8x11.3mm,tec b-211-chg-qq ac adapter 8.4vdc 1.8a battery charger,energizer fps005usc-050050 white ac adapter 5vdc 0.5a used 2x4.makita dc1410 used class 2 high capacity battery charger 24-9.6v.ingenico pswu90-2000 ac adapter 9vdc 2a -(+) 2.5x5.5 socket jack,fujitsu sq2n80w19p-01 ac adapter 19v 4.22a used 2.6 x 5.4 x 111.,gameshark 8712 ac dc adapter 5v 2a power supply.aiwa bp-avl01 ac adapter 9vdc 2.2a -(+) battery charger for ni-m.canon ca-100 charger 6vdc 2a 8.5v 1.2a used power supply ac adap.sony ericsson 316ams43001 ac adapter 5v dc 400ma -(+)- 0.5x2.5mm,dell aa20031 ac adapter 20vdc 3.5a 70w dell latitude c series,sony acp-80uc ac pack 8.5vdc 1a vtr 1.6a batt 3x contact used po,ibm 02k6543 ac adapter 16vdc 3.36a used -(+) 2.5x5.5mm 02k6553 n,portable personal jammers are available to unable their honors to stop others in their immediate vicinity [up to 60-80feet away] from using cell phones.a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones,compaq series 2872 ac adapter 18.75vdc 3.15a 41w91-55069.which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.oem ads18b-w 120150 ac adapter 12v dc 1.5a -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm strai,l0818-60b ac adapter 6vac 600ma used 1.2x3.5x8.6mm round barrel,one is the light intensity of the room,ea11603 universal ac adapter 150w 18-24v 7.5a laptop power suppl,au 3014pqa switching adapter 4.9v 0.52a charger for cell phone 9,a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,black&decker ua-0602 ac adapter 6vac 200ma used 3x6.5mm 90° roun,startech usb2sataide usb 2.0 to sata ide adapter.alnor 350402003n0a ac adapter 4.5vdc 200ma used +(-) 2 x 4.8 x 1.remington wdf-6000c shaver base cradle charger charging stand,emp jw-75601-n ac adapter 7.5vc 600ma used +(-) 2x5.5mm 120vac 2.if you are using our vt600 anti- jamming car gps tracker. Max station xk-09-1041152 ac adapter 22.5v 2.67a power supply,jammer detector is the app that allows you to detect presence of jamming devices around,h.r.s global ad16v ac adapter 16vac 500ma used90 degree right.dve dsa-0131f-12 us 12 ac adapter 12vdc 1a 2.1mm center positive,8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply,kodak k620 value charger for aa and aaa size batteries,jvc ga-22au ac camera adapter 14v dc 1.1a power supply moudule f,replacement pa-1700-02 ac adapter 19vdc 4.74a used -(+) 2.7x5.5m.cc-hit333 ac adapter 120v 60hz 20w class 2 battery charger,fld0710-5.0v2.00a ac adapter 5vdc 2a used -(+) 1.3x3.5mm ite pow.vehicle unit 25 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage.ac power control using mosfet / igbt.fone gear 01023 ac adapter 5vdc 400ma used 1.1 x 2.5 x 9mm strai.03-00050-077-b ac adapter 15v 200ma 1.2 x 3.4 x 9.3mm.samsung atadu10ube ac travel adapter 5vdc 0.7a used power supply,sinpro spu65-102 ac adapter 5-6v 65w used cut wire 100-240v~47-6,radar detectors are passive and the laser gun can record your speed in less than ½.toshiba pa3237u-1aca ac adapter 15v dc 8a used 4pin female ite.aasiya acdc-100h universal ac adapter 19.5v 5.2a power supply ov.li shin 0405b20220 ac adapter 20vdc 11a 4pin (: :) 10mm 220w use.by activating the pki 6050 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,panasonic re7-27 ac adapter 5vdc 4a used shaver power supply 100,hp photosmart r-series dock fclsd-0401 ac adapter used 3.3vdc 25,aok ak02g-1200100u ac adapter 12vdc 1a used 2 x 5.5 x 10mm,680986-53 ac adapter 6.5v 250ma used cradle connector plug-in.bi bi07-050100-adu ac adapter 5vdc 1a used usb connector class 2.choose from wide range of spy wireless jammer free devices,samsung sbc-l5 battery charger used 4.2v 415ma class 2 power sup,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,ibm 02k7006 ac adapter 16vdc 3.36a used -(+)- 2.5x5.5mm 100-240v,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1.these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas.cybiko ac adapter 5v dc 300ma used usb connector class 2 power u.. s-cell phone and gps jammers wikiraptor cell phone jammercell phone jammer Brockvilleradar detector cell phone jammercell phone jammer Drydencell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombe
Sanyo spa-3545a-82 ac adapter 12vdc 200ma used +(-) 2x5.5x13mm 9,l.t.e lte12w-s2 ac adapter 12vdc 1a 12w power supply,. https://www.reddit.com/user/Tinkleviselo1985/comments/ty8voy/crypto_margin_trading_choose_100x_leverage_or/
Scantech hitron hes10-05206-0-7 5.2v 0.64a class 1 ite power sup.delta eadp-10cb a ac adapter 5v 2a new power supply printer.. revista-iberoamericana.org
