Robin Wrinn This month, we bring you a guest column on the 34th Space Symposium in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Robin Wrinn, a communications professional based in Atlanta, gives her perspective on the premier annual space event, held in April. Among her findings: information on the mission longevity vs. technology innovation debate, GPS IIIF program bids, discussions of time and space, and more. — Alan Cameron, editor During recent interviews with Lockheed Martin and Harris Corporation conducted during the 34th Space Symposium (April 16-19) in Colorado Springs, time and space were a frequent focus of discussion, but not in the normal “continuum” kind of way. Greater mission longevity is one of the key improvements GPS III delivers over those currently in service. Space Vehicles 1-10 have a planned mission life of about 15 years – 25 percent longer than their satellite predecessors. Yet that bragging right begs the question “How long should a satellite ‘live’ up in space with technology innovation occurring almost annually?” After all the last Block IIR-M series satellite was launched in 2009. To put that into perspective, that same year the Canadian company Blackberry (RIM) held 20 percent of the smartphone OS market share and was the second largest OS in the world. Apple had just introduced the iPhone two years earlier. A partial answer to that question it seems is advanced payload technology. Both Lockheed Martin and Harris Corporation highlighted their advances in payload capabilities that would enable built-in flexibility to adapt satellites in orbit to advances in technology, as well as changes in missions. Lockheed Martin provided the media a tour of their RF (Radio Frequency) Payload Center of Excellence (Payload Center). Meanwhile, Harris Corporation recently announced that is has completed development of the company’s fully digital Mission Data Unit (MDU), which is core to the navigation payload for GPS III 11 +.) As a reminder, the current Harris payload for SVs 1-10 includes: Greater than three times reduction in range error, Up to eight times increase in anti-jamming power, Added signals – including one (L1C civil signal) compatible with other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), like the European Space Agency’s Galileo. And greater signal integrity. According to Harris, the new, fully digital navigation payload it has engineered will deliver more powerful signals, PLUS the ability to change and upgrade the satellites incrementally over the mission life. Meanwhile, Lockheed recently announced a partnership with NEC to introduce artificial intelligence for computer learning in orbit. And the company’s Payload Center subject matter experts touted their significant advances in processers and a move toward the next generation of antennas, arrays and transmitters that would drive more flexibility and capability and resilience into satellites. Observation: It seems the market pressures of ‘new space’ players is prompting delivery of products that can drive more value for less cost. In this case, delivery of a common payload architecture and electronically steered beams to make satellite antennas become any shape you want. Most likely, beams of a different size on demand is a much better business case than a static one built five years ago. GPS III 1-10 on track. in full production. GPSIII SV1 awaiting U.S. Air Force “Call Up” for Launch Lockheed Martin’s GPS III SV03 became fully integrated in August 2017. Photo: Lockheed Martin The day I interviewed Lockheed Martin’s Navigation Systems mission area Program Manager Johnathon Caldwell, the company had submitted its proposal for the U.S. Air Force’s GPS III Follow On (GPS IIIF) program. That same day, April 16, the media was given a tour of Lockheed Martin’s GPS III satellite assembly floor. It was clear from both Lockheed’s press materials and Caldwell that Lockheed Martin believes it is fully recovered from prior production hiccups and is • “on track” to deliver GPS Space Vehicles (SVs) 1 through 10, and • deserves to win the bid for GPS IIIF. Now that Boeing has dropped out of the running, it seems they probably have it. (The government has said it will announce the award in March 2019.) Here is the GPS III SVs 1-10 Update: SV 01. Declared “Available for Launch” (AFL) by the Air Force on Sept. 28, 2017. Awaiting “Call Up” for launch. A formal date has not been set. “Sometime this year” was the answer Lockheed Martin provided when asked a timeframe. SV 02. Completed Thermal Vacuum (TVAC) testing, Dec. 2017. Currently in final environmental EMI (electromagnetic)/EMC (electromagnetic compatibility)/PIM (passive intermodulation) testing. AFL expected Summer 2018. SV 03. Fully integrated, Fall 2017. Currently in TVAC testing, AFL expected. Spring 2019 SV 04. Fully integrated, Spring 2018. Beginning environmental testing, Summer 2018 SVs 05, 06, & 07: 05: Navigation payload recently delivered/integrated 06: Currently in system module build up 07: Beginning build up – Spring 2018 Interview with Harris Corporation’s Jason Hendrix, PNT Program Director. GPS World readers are familiar with the differences in the GPS III signals as compared to those transmitted by satellites to date. What are the differences in the GPS III satellite payloads that were instituted to enable those new signals? The main difference is the power. The Air Force’s requirements called for significantly more anti-jamming capability. All the transmitters are a higher power. What was the most significant obstacle (or top obstacles, plural) in designing and manufacturing this new payload, to new Air Force specifications? How did you overcome it/them? Same answer really, the higher power. Keeping in mind, we went from a 7-year mission life requirement to a 15 year. That higher power puts more strain on components and new cyber requirements in software. When you couple all that together we are not just upgrading payload technology. It is really engineering a new set of payload requirements. It’s new generation, advanced. What are the advantages of a digital payload over the alternative? When you say “Our current GPS payload is 70 percent digital” does that refer to the IIR payload? The offered “fully digital navigation payload with enhanced performance” — is that the GPS III payload? What’s the new 30 percent that has gone digital? The advantages and the 30 percent difference are the timekeeping system portion. We’re moving from a manual, analog timing to digital to deliver to the Air Force more flexibility. It’s a nice option to have to be able to reprogram in orbit and maybe enhance capabilities desired in the future. Can you provide any perspectives on how Harris is performing now in delivering payloads for SVs 1-10? We’re now ahead of schedule. We delivered the 5th payload three weeks early (early March 2018). We are on time for 4 and three more are due this year. Interview with Lockheed Martin’s Navigation Systems Mission Area Program Manager Johnathon Caldwell Can you provide some general updates on assembly of GPS 1-10? Photo: LMCO Vehicle SV01: It is ready and we’re very excited about that. We defer to the Air Force on questions about launch date. But once they call it up we will install the solar panels and take it to a C-17. Then load it in the back of the plane and fly it down to Florida. We will then take it over to the vehicle processing facility and mate it up with the launch vehicle provider. The GNST – the satellite prototype -has gone to the Cape twice already. So, we have conducted a dry run for shipping SV 01. Vehicle SV02: It has completed thermal vacuum testing – a major milestone. We’re in the last of the environmental tests. And we’re tracking to have that vehicle declared AFL this summer. Vehicle SV03. It is fully integrated and is in the T-Vac chamber now. The door is closed and it’s going through tests. (Pump down to vacuum is achieved in approximately three hours and the total testing time is 70 days.) Vehicle SV04: It is fully integrated on the floor. It is in its baseline electrical tests and will be in environmental tests as soon as 3 comes out of the chambers. It is staged to go in right after – 3. Vehicle SV05: It is about to go through its integration to the propulsion core. And five has its navigation payload. Integrating it this summer. Any changes in your production approach having completed SV01 that you are fixing in your production approach to SV02, 03 or 04? No, the performance on Vehicle 01 was as designed there were no technical or design changes necessitated throughout the rest of the fleet. So, it was a very successful from that perspective – from the standpoint of validating the design and wringing it out, Vehicle 01 served its purpose well. It had a very good T-Vac. I would say overall when you look at the industry, Vehicles 01 – 02, our vacuum test campaigns are the most rigorous test. Both went through their tests quite well. Some of the best I’ve seen. We consider thermal vacuum the gold standard for testing any satellite before it goes into operations. It really is putting the craft through the paces. When it goes through the testing, the satellite is on. It is working. It is exposing it to the heat and the cold and the zero pressure while the satellite is functional. The entire thermal vac testing from start to end is a little over 70 days. “Test like you fly.” From the time it launches and deployment sequence we test it like it is real. Minus the shaking, the satellite thinks it is getting launched. Meanwhile, our people are looking at the data and its health. T Vac is a huge milestone for a satellite to go through it and come out without any issues. Which is why we are so pleased about the two. Have there been any production delays since last year. No, we’ve been quite stable in our production schedule. Can you shed some light as to how many Lockheed Martin employees are involved in the production of GPS III? The way we’re organized, there are engineers that flux in and out of the project depending the stage we’re in. This is production program, so we use the skillsets we need at the time we need them, then those engineers go on to do other work. But this also comes back to some of the commonality we’re trying to achieve across out product lines. That when you have common processes, common parts and common procedures in building spacecraft you gain leverage and major cost savings to have flex in resources. Can you speak to any issues with subcontractors? Any delays? No, since last year, the Harris production line has stabilized. We’ve been receiving Harris payloads, and we’ve just received the 5th payload and we’re finishing up integration. Vehicle 6 navigation payload is currently in test. And Vehicle 7 and 8 payload production is going according to schedule. We feel Harris has definitely overcome some of the challenges of the past. And we’ve been seeing stable production deliveries. By the end of this year we should receive 3 more payloads and by the first quarter of next year, the 8th, and they are contracted for 9 and 10. From a civilian perspective, can you remind us what will be different with GPS III? Three times better accuracy and up to eight times improved anti-jamming capabilities. And it is a longer life vehicle and healthy constellation of satellites that people can rely on. The new L1C signal is common with other GNSS, like Galileo, so as that becomes incorporated into equipment, it will give you more data points for better service, more accuracy and reliability. For GPS IIIF requirements, are there capabilities that will require innovation or new technology? We’ve designed with some of those capabilities in mind. If you just look down the list. The regional military protection is about bringing higher power and boosting the signal where the military needs it most. That’s not a particularly new technology per se, but it is bringing a new capability that the current GPS satellites don’t have. The Search and Rescue payload, again, I wouldn’t consider it a new capability, it is provided by a partner nation, a Canadian company, but it effects those folks in need. Digital payload. For 11+, fully digital payload for greater flexibility for the government. It allows the government to expand or enhance capabilities of the mission over time. It enables loading new software to do different things. GPS III was designed with a modular, flexible architecture. Because Lockheed Martin knew that as time goes by, technology evolves. New technology becomes available and the government’s mission needs are likely to change. Now that ability to evolve is down to the payload with a fully, 100 percent digital payload. Lockheed Martin has been working on a lot of the GPSIII F design requirements already (preliminary design review level). Can you speak to the other “Risk Retired” you mentioned in your slides? Last fall, we had our first time with the OCX zero ground system. It’s one thing to talk to satellite in the high bay, it’s another thing to talk to it with the entire Air Force control network you plan to use when you’re operating. So, we were excited to get that done and run the entire chain from the vehicle out from the Air Force control network the AFCN network, utilizing the OCX system to command the vehicle. It was a big milestone for us. And previously we demonstrated our compatibility of our signals (with OCX). Our future satellites in our GPS IIIF proposal share a common design with GPS III so they also will be compatible with OCX because we have proven that compatibility. Can you speak to the GPS III Ground System Support Contracts Lockheed Martin has received? The government asked us to help provide some gap fillers for the ground system (rmw note: if OCX isn’t there yet). To take the heritage AEP ground system and provide the ability to fly GPS III satellites using that ground system. So that activity has been going well and the critical design review has been completed and it is on track for delivery to the government next year. And subsequently, we were also put on contract for the M-code new signal to add some capabilities to the legacy ground system to begin to furnish early use of that new GPS III M-code signal to the military. We’ve been working hard on that. We conducted our preliminary design review last fall and just recently completed a critical design review to add that capability.
2.4ghz signal jammerPower supply unit was used to supply regulated and variable power to the circuitry during testing.transmission of data using power line carrier communication system.high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling.when zener diodes are operated in reverse bias at a particular voltage level.conversion of single phase to three phase supply.the proposed design is low cost.presence of buildings and landscape,can be adjusted by a dip-switch to low power mode of 0,morse key or microphonedimensions.automatic changeover switch,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition.vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on.this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed.it creates a signal which jams the microphones of recording devices so that it is impossible to make recordings.2 – 30 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,please see the details in this catalogue.as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound.we would shield the used means of communication from the jamming range,iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random.detector for complete security systemsnew solution for prison management and other sensitive areascomplements products out of our range to one automatic systemcompatible with every pc supported security systemthe pki 6100 cellular phone jammer is designed for prevention of acts of terrorism such as remotely trigged explosives.2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,with our pki 6670 it is now possible for approx.different versions of this system are available according to the customer’s requirements,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1.it is required for the correct operation of radio system.most devices that use this type of technology can block signals within about a 30-foot radius,the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board,this system considers two factors,pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system.scada for remote industrial plant operation. That is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,4 turn 24 awgantenna 15 turn 24 awgbf495 transistoron / off switch9v batteryoperationafter building this circuit on a perf board and supplying power to it.transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,140 x 80 x 25 mmoperating temperature,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,control electrical devices from your android phone,2100 – 2200 mhz 3 gpower supply.a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,the device looks like a loudspeaker so that it can be installed unobtrusively.power grid control through pc scada.be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks.similar to our other devices out of our range of cellular phone jammers,the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming,band selection and low battery warning led.department of computer scienceabstract.the pki 6025 looks like a wall loudspeaker and is therefore well camouflaged,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces.one is the light intensity of the room.gsm 1800 – 1900 mhz dcs/phspower supply.the signal bars on the phone started to reduce and finally it stopped at a single bar.this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,exact coverage control furthermore is enhanced through the unique feature of the jammer,jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower.in contrast to less complex jamming systems.this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada.thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies,it is your perfect partner if you want to prevent your conference rooms or rest area from unwished wireless communication,to duplicate a key with immobilizer. Three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault.hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,are suitable means of camouflaging.2 w output power3g 2010 – 2170 mhz,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink,the unit requires a 24 v power supply.this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings,from analysis of the frequency range via useful signal analysis,this system considers two factors,computer rooms or any other government and military office.this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage.1 w output powertotal output power,communication can be jammed continuously and completely or,we have designed a system having no match,2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current,this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies,this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts.. 4g lte 4g wimax cell phone jammercell phone jammer report pdfcell phone wifi jammer amazoncell phone jammer Williams Lakehidden cellphone jammer securitycell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombe cell phone signal jammer amazonlong range cell phone signal jammers-cell phone and gps jammers wikiraptor cell phone jammercell phone jammer Brockvillecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Lacombecell phone jammer Armaghcell phone jammer Armagh
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